On June 3, 2015, the “Energy Storage International Summit 2015†co-sponsored by the National Energy Administration and the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA) and Düsseldorf Exhibition (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. was held in Beijing. Mr. Wang Sicheng, a researcher at the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, made a speech entitled “Application and Significance of Energy Storage Systems in Distributed Photovoltaics†at the “2015 Distributed Photovoltaic and Energy Storage System Forum and Island Energy International Conferenceâ€. The keynote speech, the following is the content of the speech.
Wang Sicheng, researcher of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission:
I am very happy to have the opportunity to share with you the topic of energy storage here. Today's energy storage technologies are rich and diverse. Different energy storage applications are used in different situations.
Advances in chemical energy storage technology
Chemical energy storage has made great progress in recent years. Due to its long storage time and capacity scale, it is very suitable for energy storage in distributed systems. In the past, lead-acid batteries had a deep cycle of only 500 cycles, a short life span, serious pollution, and no deep discharge. Now the performance of lead-acid batteries is comparable to that of lithium-ion batteries, with an exceptional cycle of up to 4,500 cycles. In South Korea, the 1.5-kilowatt lithium-ion battery electric vehicle has a range of 40 kilometers, with an average price of 5,000 yuan, and only a few hundred units. In China, the 0.6-kWh lead-acid battery electric vehicle has a battery life of 50 kilometers, only 2,000 yuan. The number of possessions reached 200 million. China's lead-acid battery has a long life of 2,000 times and a deep cycle of 80%.
Rongke has a relatively successful flow battery energy storage technology. Its ultra-long cycle life, more than 20 years, integration cycle up to 18,000 times, is five times the life of lithium-ion batteries, but the price is more expensive, ten times that of lead-acid batteries. Of course, after many engineering demonstrations, the price will decrease correspondingly after the production scale increases. However, its low specific capacity makes it occupy a much larger area than lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
The more popular technology in the near future is the large-capacity technology of solar methane, which can be used as a long-term, large-capacity conversion technology and storage technology, which involves carbon dioxide landfill technology, which is currently difficult to achieve. The latest technology developed in Japan is such a large-capacity, long-term storage technology that may replace pumped storage in the future, but there is no way to use this technology to balance the energy on the transmission side.
At present, the largest amount of energy storage systems promoted and installed around the world is pumped storage, accounting for 99%, and the other share is still relatively small.
International and domestic microgrid construction
The microgrid is part of a distributed generation system, with separate networks and networking. In the past, China has been using a networked microgrid, DC bus technology, which not only collects all the energy in the battery, but also discharges the battery through the transformer. This technology has many disadvantages and cannot be expanded. The transmission distance is only 500 meters and the efficiency is low. . The current technology is an AC bus technology. The energy collection point is on the AC side, the fan is directly connected to the grid, and the battery is collected by a two-line transformer. The efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the expansion and transmission distance are not limited.
In Outer Mongolia, there are more successful examples of AC bus technology, 100 kW of concentrated power, and the grid extends to five kilometers. On Kythnos Island, the entire power system is connected to the load through the wireless network, and the load is controlled. Each load is controlled. When the whole frequency is shifted, the load is heavy, and the energy is not enough, let the frequency go down, increase the active power, and cut off. When the load is very low and the energy is very large, go up, increase the load, reduce the active power, and make the energy balance in real time, and the energy supply and load are utilized. Such a microgrid is the prototype of the smart grid in the future.
The Korea Electric Power Company is a typical grid-friendly company. Residents' renewable energy meets the needs of the power grid. When peaking, try to use photovoltaic power generation, which can be sent back to the grid without expensive spare gas units to achieve energy saving and peak shaving.
In China's off-grid microgrid, the power generation side control is generally adopted, and there is no control to the user side. The “Golden Sun Project†supported by the Ministry of Finance has invested a total of 1.2 billion in the past two years. The AC bus technology is a development trend. China has done a lot of successful cases of off-grid island micro-grid, but has not yet reached the intelligent management level of real-time balance on the load side.
There are very few connected microgrids in our country, and the power companies are pushing the self-use off-grid microgrid. The self-use microgrid and the grid-friendly microgrid are made by different entities, and the purpose of the demand is different. In order to break the monopoly, the National Energy Administration, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the State Electricity Regulatory Commission have issued a microgrid, but they have received a lot of resistance.
China's microgrid development prospects
Next, the National Energy Administration should promote 30-50 microgrids, mainly to solve four problems: technical equipment problems, relationship with the power grid, economic issues and institutional mechanisms.
The development conditions and business opportunities of photovoltaic energy storage are divided into several steps. The first is to achieve off-grid power generation. Smart home, user-side response, and active distribution network technology need to be a little longer. Electric cars are longer. The next step is hydrogen, photovoltaic methane and photovoltaic scale applications. I believe that there will be opportunities for energy storage systems to create a commercial market within five years.
The above is my speech, thank you.
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