Earthquake emergency shelters around you, do you understand?

China is a multi-seismic country. In order to deal with the earthquake emergency, many cities have set up emergency shelters for earthquakes. They can quickly and orderly evacuate the residents and provide residents with a reliable emergency hedging space. Do you know about earthquake emergency shelters around you? What are the characteristics of these earthquake emergency shelters?

What is the existence of earthquake emergency shelters?

According to (GB21734 - 2008) "earthquake emergency shelter sites and facilities," earthquake emergency shelter is in response to earthquakes and other emergencies, the planning, construction, service facilities have emergency shelters, emergency evacuation for residents, temporary Safe place for life.

Earthquake emergency shelters can be divided into three categories.

Class I earthquake emergency shelters: equipped with comprehensive facilities, and can provide assistance for more than 30 days.

Class II earthquake emergency shelters: With the general facility configuration, the recipients can be resettled for 10 days to 30 days.

Class III earthquake emergency shelters: With basic facilities, the recipients can be accommodated within 10 days.

What are the specific requirements for selecting a site address?

According to the principle of "unified planning, flat earthquakes, local conditions, comprehensive utilization, nearest evacuation, safety and accessibility", parks (excluding zoological and monumental conservation areas in zoos and parks), green spaces, plazas, stadiums, and indoor public venues and halls The institutes and institutes can all be selected as earthquake emergency shelters.

Security requirements

Site selection should avoid areas where seismic fractures, floods, landslides, mudslides and other natural disasters are prone to occur; the terrain should be flat and open and slightly elevated, and it should be easy to drain and be suitable for the topography of tents; toxic gas storage sites should be selected. Facilities such as flammable and explosive materials or nuclear radioactive material storage sites, high-voltage transmission and transformation lines and other facilities may have an impact on personal safety; they should be selected outside the collapse of high-rise buildings and towering structures. If indoor public halls, pavilions, or as emergency evacuation sites or as supporting facilities are selected, the requirements for local seismic fortification shall be met.

Accessible requirements

Emergency evacuation sites should have two or more evacuation routes that communicate with the outside world.

Area requirement

The effective area of ​​the site should be greater than 2000m2 . Per capita living area should be greater than 1 . 5 ?.

Which facilities can satisfy?

Earthquake emergency shelters should be equipped with three types of facilities to meet the needs of the evacuation in the event of a disaster.

Basic facilities

This is the supporting facilities that should be set up to protect the basic living needs of the evacuees. Including disaster relief tents, simple mobile homes, medical aid and health and epidemic prevention facilities, emergency water supply facilities, emergency power supply facilities, emergency sewage facilities, emergency toilets, emergency garbage storage facilities, emergency passages, and emergency signs.

General facilities

That is, to improve the living conditions of asylum-seekers, additional facilities will be added on the basis of basic facilities. Including emergency firefighting facilities, emergency material storage facilities, emergency command and management facilities, etc. According to the number of people accommodated in the evacuation site and the time of living, facilities in or around the emergency evacuation site shall be provided with facilities for the storage of emergency living materials. Emergency stores may be used for hotels, shops, supermarkets, pharmacies, warehouses, etc. in or around emergency evacuation sites. The emergency command management facilities include broadcasting, image monitoring, wired communication, and wireless communication. The broadcasting system should cover earthquake emergency shelters.

Comprehensive facilities

That is, in order to improve the quality of life of the evacuees, additional facilities have been added on the basis of existing basic facilities and general facilities. Including emergency parking lots, emergency apron, emergency bathing facilities, emergency ventilation facilities, and emergency function introduction facilities.

What are the conditions for enabling in an emergency?

According to the Operational Management Guide for Earthquake Emergency Evacuation Sites ( GB / T33744 - 2017 ), one of the following conditions may be met: Earthquake emergency shelters may be used: Post-earthquake predictions, destructive or highly influential earthquake disaster events are issued, Other situations where emergency earthquake shelters need to be activated.

From the owner of the emergency evacuation shelter or the unit in charge of management and use, all the entrances, exits, and facilities and equipment of the emergency evacuation shelter shall be opened. Special personnel shall be arranged to conduct safety inspections on earthquake emergency shelters. If damage is caused by earthquakes or other reasons, and they cannot be used after identification, clear signs shall be set at the entrances and exits of earthquake emergency shelters to inform the affected people that they cannot enter, and report the relevant situation to the earthquake. Disaster relief headquarters. If it is confirmed that it can be safely used, but some facilities and equipment are damaged, personnel shall be immediately organized to carry out emergency repairs, and the relevant information shall be communicated to the headquarters of the earthquake emergency shelter.

The staff responsible for the evacuation of the resettlement guidance shall follow the evacuation routes in the emergency evacuation shelters and use the method of guiding and positioning them in an orderly way to lead the victims to the designated resettlement areas in an orderly manner.

How to set up and operate when an earthquake occurs?

Institution establishment

An evacuation and resettlement headquarters composed of government officials, owners of earthquake emergency shelters or persons in charge of management and use units, and persons in charge of resettled communities (villages) shall be established to be responsible for the unified command and management of the evacuation and resettlement of the affected people and the coordination thereof. Liaison, evacuation, medical and epidemic prevention, public security, logistics support, publicity and education work groups.

Personnel registration

Register the affected people who need to be resettled in the emergency evacuation shelters, register the foreign personnel and temporary refuge personnel separately, fill in the resettlement card for the disaster-affected people who are registered in the earthquake, and provide relevant services by card.

Information collection and submission

Daily collection of information on earthquake emergency shelters, such as secondary disasters, traffic, personnel rescue and epidemic situations, loss of victims, and resettlement needs of affected people, etc., shall be reported to the command headquarters of earthquake emergency shelters. Fill in the basic situation of earthquake emergency shelters, and regularly report to the higher level government, put forward the needs of the affected people's living materials, and maintain communication with higher levels of government.

Information Release

Through electronic display screens, emergency broadcasts and wireless local area networks in the earthquake emergency shelters, and information bulletin boards, etc., timely release information on the deployment of evacuation resettlement work, policy information, living information, and disaster relief knowledge, etc. to the affected people.

Recruitment of volunteers

Make recruitment requirements, formulate recruitment conditions, and open recruitment information. Priority will be given to recruiting personnel with professional skills and volunteer service experience and organizing training for temporary volunteers.

How is the daily management and maintenance work carried out?

Owners or management and use units of earthquake emergency shelters shall revise and preempt evacuation plans, and shall file records in accordance with the management authority, formulate regular maintenance, inspection, and use registration and record-keeping of sites and facilities, and cooperate with related departments and units for site operations, and provide basic emergency services. The system of material reserves, maintenance, and renewal, and regularly reports to the competent authorities of earthquake emergency shelters about self-inspection, cooperation and linkage guarantees, facilities and equipment, material shortages, and other problems that need to be resolved.

The competent authority shall regularly check the establishment and implementation of the management system, maintenance of facilities, material reserves, revision of evacuation and resettlement plans, propaganda and drills, etc.

The owner or management and use unit of the earthquake emergency shelter shall designate a person to be responsible for the routine maintenance, maintenance and overhaul of the facilities and equipment, eliminate hidden dangers in time, carry out inspections of emergency supplies on a regular basis, and handle and record the problems in time.

This article is from the Emergency Management Department.