Abstract Ultra-thin ultra-light aircraft, ultra-thin collapsible mobile phones, space elevators... Graphene, known as the "21st Century Magical Material", carries countless imaginations with its magical characteristics. Major countries in the world...
Ultra-thin ultra-light aircraft, ultra-thin foldable mobile phones, space elevators... Graphene, known as the "21st century magical material", carries countless imaginations with its magical characteristics. Major countries in the world attach great importance to the development of graphene-related industries and expect it to bring huge market value. At the end of 2014, the Spanish graphene company cooperated with the University of Cordoba to study the first graphene polymer battery, which has three times the storage capacity of the best products in the market. The electric vehicle that uses this battery can drive up to 1000 kilometers. And its charging time is less than 8 minutes. The company has conducted joint testing with two of Germany's four major auto companies and plans to put the battery into production in 2015.
In October 2014, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that wrinkled graphene paper can be used to make supercapacitors that are flexible, folded or stretched to 800% of their original size, and wrinkled - flattened 1000 times. No significant reduction occurred.
Two British scientists used the “tape†to “tear†the single layer of material from the graphite surface, earning them a Nobel Prize.
The discoverers of graphene may not have expected such a rapid breakthrough in its research and development. In 2004, the physicists of the University of Manchester, André Heim and Konstantin Novoselov, used a simple "mechanical stripping method" to "tear" a single layer of graphite from the graphite surface using "tape". -Graphene. The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to the two physicists for their research on graphene.
Graphene is a two-dimensional crystalline material of a single atomic layer and is the simplest carbon material. Common graphite materials can be thought of as a stack of graphene layers, so graphene is also considered to be "single layer graphite." Known as "the magical material of the 21st century", graphene is the world's thinnest, hardest, nano-material with the best conductivity and flexibility at room temperature: it can be as thin as a single carbon atom. 1 mm thick graphite sheet can peel off 3 million layers of graphene; it is very hard and its strength is 200 times higher than steel; at room temperature, the lowest resistivity material is silver, while graphene has resistivity than silver It is still small; it is transparent and airtight... All kinds of properties make graphene full of imagination in many fields such as touch screen, sensor, battery and so on.
Scientists predict that graphene research will be greatly developed in the next 5 to 10 years. The first graphene touch screen will be available in three to five years. Graphene electronic paper samples can be successfully developed in 2015, ultra-thin ultra-light aircraft, ultra-thin Future devices such as collapsible mobile phones, high-intensity aviation materials, and even more imaginative space elevators will revolutionize the related fields and drive the emerging industry chain worth trillions of dollars.
At present, the market price of graphene raw material graphite is about 3,000 yuan / ton, and after refining into graphene, the market price of graphene is as high as 1 million yuan / ton. With the gradual breakthrough in mass production and large-scale problems, the pace of industrialization of graphene is accelerating, and the investment in scientific research by relevant institutions at home and abroad is also rising, and the market attention is heating up.
China - rapid development, parallel to basic and applied research
China is currently one of the countries with the most active research and application development of graphene. The data shows that in all countries, China has applied for the largest number of graphene patents, which has exceeded 2,200, accounting for 1/3 of the world. In 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the frontier of the “12th Five-Year Development Plan for New Materials Industryâ€. Graphene is included in the new material. The National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded a large number of basic research projects on graphene. The National Science and Technology Major Project and the National 973 Program have also deployed a number of major projects. Governments at all levels have shown great interest in graphene, and have initially formed a cooperative docking mechanism for government, industry, academia and research in collaboration with government, scientific research institutions, R&D and application enterprises. In October 2011, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province established the Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, which is the first industrialization base based on graphene materials and applications in China.
China has already taken the lead in the industrialization of graphene, and a large number of graphene-related enterprises have emerged. The industry is focused on the preparation of graphene and several applications such as energy storage, touch screen and coating. Scientists have also developed a series of graphene-based energy storage materials, such as graphene-based high-density porous carbon materials, paving the way for the practical application of graphene. In July 2013, China's graphene industry technology innovation strategic alliance was established in Beijing. The establishment of the alliance will help to integrate and coordinate industrial resources, establish resource sharing mechanisms for upstream and downstream, production, research and research information, and intellectual property rights, and enhance the overall innovation level and competitiveness of the graphene industry chain.
Japan - government funding, many companies are competing to participate
As one of the most developed countries in the carbon materials industry, Japan has funded the development of graphene since 2007. For example, the Japan Science and Technology Promotion Agency funded technology development projects for graphene materials and devices in 2007; the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry implemented the “Ultra-light, high-light innovation fusion materials in low-carbon society†project implemented in 2011, with key support. Batch synthesis technology of carbon nanotubes and graphene.
In addition to the relevant investment from the Japanese government, many Japanese companies, such as Hitachi, Sony, and Toshiba, have invested a large amount of capital and manpower in basic research and application development of graphene, and have made remarkable progress. In 2012, Sony Corporation of Japan developed a transparent thin film chemical vapor growth technology that can produce graphene up to 120 meters in length.
South Korea - attaches importance to patents, government and enterprises work together
The research and industry of graphene in Korea is developing rapidly, which not only benefits from the uninterrupted support of the Korean government in recent years, but also benefits from the huge investment of large domestic companies. The former Ministry of Knowledge Economy of Korea expects to provide a total of US$250 million in funding to the graphene sector between 2012 and 2018, of which US$124 million will be spent on graphene technology research and US$126 million on graphene commercial application research. In 2013, the Korea Ministry of Industry, Trade and Resources announced the integration of Korean domestic research institutions and corporate strength to promote the commercialization of graphene. 41 research institutes including the Korea Science and Technology Institute will form a graphene alliance with six companies to cooperate in the government. In the next six years, it will invest 42.3 million US dollars, hoping to build a market of 15.3 billion US dollars per year, forming 25 global leaders. South Korea pays attention to the protection and application of graphene patents, and its patents rank third in the world, second only to the United States and China, and far higher than other European countries.
At the industrial enterprise level, South Korea's Samsung has invested a large amount of research and development to ensure its international leading position in the fields of flexible display, touch screen and chip. In 2011, it developed a 40-inch graphene touch screen panel. In 2014, Samsung Advanced Technology Research Institute and South Korea's Sungkyunkwan University jointly announced the synthesis of a graphene crystal that can maintain conductivity at a larger scale. It is a screen that can be used on flexible displays and wearable devices. Display technology. South Korean scientists also announced in November last year that they have invented the latest graphene super mobile phone battery, which can store the same amount of power as a conventional battery, but the charging time is only 16 seconds.
EU - joint research and development, actively seize strategic high ground
The EU has also invested heavily in the development of graphene in recent years. As of 2011, the EU has invested a total of about 150 million euros to promote the development of graphene. More than 50 companies in the EU are developing R&D, industrialization and application of graphene. In addition to government-sponsored academic research, many industrial giants, such as BASF and Bayer, have invested considerable human and financial resources to strengthen the development of graphene-related applications.
In January 2013, the European Commission listed graphene as one of the “flagship projects for emerging technologies in the futureâ€. It plans to provide 1 billion euros in funding within 10 years to raise graphene research to a strategic level, aiming to bring graphene and other two. Dimensional materials are pushed from the laboratory to the society, promoting industrial revolution and economic growth, and creating employment opportunities. The project is led by the Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and consists of more than 100 R&D teams in 15 member states of the European Union, including four Nobel Prize winners.
As an important member of the European Union, Germany launched the graphene priority research project in 2010, including 38 research projects, with a budget of 10.6 million euros in the first three years; the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research also invested 7 million euros in the year to fund related research. It aims to deepen the understanding and manipulation of graphene performance and lay the foundation for new graphene-based electronic products. In October 2012, scientists at the Technical University of Munich in Germany successfully produced graphene photodetectors. Photodetectors made of graphene can process and direct photoelectric signals very quickly.
The United States - strong, scientific research and industry go hand in hand
As a technology-strengthening country, the United States has strong research and development capabilities, and its investment in graphene has begun to be relatively early, and its investment is relatively large. The US Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency released a $22 million carbon-electronic RF application project in July 2008 to develop graphene-based RF circuits for ultra-high-speed and ultra-low-energy applications. Between 2006 and 2011, there were about 200 projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of the United States on graphene, covering all areas of graphene research and application. In 2014, the National Natural Science Foundation invested $18 million and the US Air Force Research Office invested $10 million to conduct basic research on graphene and related two-dimensional materials.
The good entrepreneurial environment in the United States has also prompted the birth of many small graphene enterprises, and the industrialization and application process is relatively fast. The United States has a large number of large and powerful R & D companies, such as International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), Intel, Boeing, etc. invested a lot of research and development of graphene. In 2012, IBM USA successfully developed the first integrated circuit made of graphene wafers, which made the special electrical properties of graphene show the application prospects, indicating that graphene wafers can be used instead of silicon wafers in the future. In October 2014, IBM researchers discovered that graphene materials can significantly reduce the cost of blue LEDs, which have the opportunity to generate high-frequency transistors, photodetectors, biosensors, and other "post-silicon era" components. It plans to invest $3 billion in next-generation chip technology in the next five years.
Britain - invest heavily to ensure that the UK can make a name
The United Kingdom is the birthplace of graphene, but related research and development and industrialization lag behind some Asian countries such as China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore.
In order to change this situation, in recent years, the British government has invested heavily in accelerating the development of graphene. In 2011, the UK government announced an investment of £50 million (£1 to $1.52) to support graphene research, including the establishment of the National Graphene Research Institute with a total investment of £61 million; in December 2012, the UK government allocated an additional £21.5 million To fund research in the application of graphene materials; in 2013, the UK Government and the European Research and Development Foundation jointly invested £61 million to establish the National Graphene Research Institute at the University of Manchester, led by two Nobel Prize winners. It was completed in early 2015. In 2014, the British government and Masdar announced that they will continue to invest 60 million pounds to establish the Graphene Engineering Innovation Center at the University of Manchester, supplementing the National Graphene Research Institute, accelerating the application research and development of graphene, maintaining the UK in graphene and The world's leading position in other 2D materials. The British Chancellor of the Exchequer Osborne said that the British government will "work to ensure that British discoveries are made famous in the UK."
Not only that, but there are also many companies in the UK that are dedicated to the production and application of graphene. For example, the famous British sporting goods Hyde has launched a tennis racket with graphene, Novak Djokovic, etc. since 2013. Many tennis stars are using this racket.
Media Facade Light,Landscape Lighting Screen,Transparent Flexible Led,Waterproof Led Linear Light
Shen zhen SH LED Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.pixellightsolutions.com