A lathe is a machine tool that mainly turns a rotating workpiece with a turning tool. On the lathe, drills, reamer, reamer, taps, dies and knurling tools can also be used for machining. Lathes are mainly used for machining shafts, discs, sleeves and other workpieces with a rotating surface. They are the most widely used type of machine in the mechanical manufacturing and repairing plant.
1.1 The “Bow Lathe†of Ancient Pulleys and Bows As early as in the Age of Egypt, people have invented the technique of turning with a tool when rotating the wood around its central axis. At first, people used two standing timbers as brackets to set up the wood to be turned. Using the elastic force of the branches to roll the rope onto the wood, pull the rope by hand or foot to turn the wood, and carry the cutter to cut.
This ancient method evolved and evolved into two or three rounds of rope on a pulley. The rope was placed on an elastic rod that was bent into a bow. The bow was pushed back and forth to rotate the workpiece for turning. This is a "bow lathe."
1.2 The medieval crankshaft and flywheel-driven “pedal lathe†reached the Middle Ages. Some people designed a “pedal lathe†that uses a foot pedal to rotate the crankshaft and drive the flywheel, which is then driven to the main shaft to rotate. In the middle of the 16th century, a French designer named Besson designed a lathe for a car screw that used a screw to slide the tool. Unfortunately, this type of lathe was not promoted.
1.3 In the 18th century, the bedside box and the chuck were born in the 18th century. Some people designed a crankshaft and a connecting rod to rotate the crankshaft, which can store the rotational kinetic energy on the lathe on the flywheel and rotate the workpiece directly. Developed into a rotating headstock, the headstock is a chuck for holding the workpiece.
1.4 British Mozley invented the knife lathe (1797) in the story of the invention of the lathe, the most striking is an Englishman named Mozley, because he invented the epoch-making knife lathe in 1797 This lathe has a precision lead screw and interchangeable gears.
Mozley was born in 1771. At the age of 18, he was a good assistant to the inventor Brammer. It is said that Brammer had always been a farmer. When he was 16 years old, he was injured by a right-handed accident, and he had to switch to a woodworking activity that was not mobile. His first invention was the 1778 flush toilet. Mozley began to help Brammer design hydraulic presses and other machinery until he left Brammer at the age of 26, because Brammer rudely rejected Moritz’s proposal. The salary is increased to a request of more than 30 shillings per week.
Just the year Mozley left Brammer, he made the first threaded lathe, an all-metal lathe that moved the tool holder and tailstock along two parallel rails. The guide surface of the guide rail is triangular, and the lead screw is driven to move the cutter holder laterally when the spindle rotates. This is the main mechanism of modern lathes, which can be used to make precision metal screws of any pitch.
Three years later, Mozley built a more complete lathe in his own workshop. The gears on the top were interchangeable, changing the feed rate and the pitch of the thread being machined. In 1817, another Englishman Roberts used a four-stage pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed. Soon, larger lathes were also introduced, making a great contribution to the invention of steam engines and other machinery.
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