How to handle temperature in vegetable cultivation
In the cultivation of protected vegetables, temperature is one of the most influential factors. How to deal with the temperature of the greenhouse is very important for the growth of vegetables, flowering and fruit setting, high quality and high yield. In this issue, let's talk about temperature management in greenhouse vegetable cultivation. Then, stabilizing the temperature is an important task in daily farming operations. In general, 15-32 ° C is the suitable growth temperature for most vegetables, while high temperatures above 35 ° C and low temperatures below 12 ° C are adversity for protected vegetables, so the temperature is stable at 15-32 Between °C is a prerequisite for ensuring the normal growth and high yield of vegetables.
What measures are taken when the temperature is low in winter?
Unlike summer, low temperature and low light in winter, so supplemental light is the primary problem. Generally speaking, although the temperature in winter is low, under the condition of good illumination, it can basically meet the temperature requirement of the greenhouse. When there is a lot of cloudy weather in winter, the temperature in the shed cannot be guaranteed, especially at night temperature. In the absence of heat storage during the day, the night temperature usually does not meet the demand for vegetable growth. So how do the sheds maintain temperature in low light and no light?
The first thing to do is to prevent leaks from appearing. There are many places where the shed leaks, such as the front face, the sides of the shed, the rear roof, the doorway, and so on. In an interview with Jiyang County, Jinan City, Shandong Province, the reporter learned that the rear roof of many sheds is covered by membrane + grass felt + film, the thickness is not more than 10 cm, and the heat is easily lost from this place in winter. Under the condition that the rear cutting column can withstand, a 30-40 cm soil layer is covered on the outer side of the rear roof to achieve a good heat preservation effect. For other places where the temperature is leaking, seal it to prevent air from escaping.
Followed by the warming of the shed. In the temperature rise of the shed, many measures such as boiler heating, electric energy heating, combustion and warming can be taken. For example, if the base or individual of the shed is connected, the boiler can be installed to increase the temperature of the shed; if the area with good power facilities is configured, the temperature can be set in the shed to increase the temperature; the areas where the above conditions are not available can pass. Measures to burn and increase temperature. If using combustion blocks, it is understood that each piece weighs 300 grams, naturally burns for about 60 minutes, and 100 cubic meters of space can be warmed by 4-6 ° C, while also being able to supplement carbon dioxide.
Some measures to increase ground temperature
Maintaining a ground temperature of 20-22 ° C is a temperature suitable for root growth. In the summer without the mulch cover, the ground temperature is generally not too high, and the reporter learned that in the hot season, if the black mulch is covered and covered with cover, the ground temperature tends to exceed 35 °C, and the mulch cover affects the soil permeability. It is easy to cause poor growth of vegetables. In summer, the temperature of the soil can be lowered by shading and increasing soil water content.
The temperature of the ground has a close relationship with the temperature. Generally speaking, the daytime temperature is 3-5 °C higher than the ground temperature, and the nighttime ground temperature is 2-3 °C higher than the temperature. That is to say, an appropriate increase in temperature during the winter season can promote the improvement of the ground temperature and the maintenance of the nighttime ground temperature, of course, under the temperature conditions that ensure the proper growth of vegetables.
In addition to controlling the temperature to stabilize the temperature, there are other ways to increase the ground temperature in winter, such as straw bioreactors and mulching. Many vegetable farmers have planted straw bioreactors before planting a large winter vegetable. In winter, the soil temperature can be increased by 2-3 °C. The principle is that the buried straw or cattle and sheep feces are released under the microbial activity. The mulch film is covered, it can't be covered with the ground, and it needs to be covered by the arch. This kind of covering is like adding a small arch shed, which is conducive to the improvement of the ground temperature. The reporter learned that many farmers will use the film covering and covering the straw to maintain the ground temperature, reduce the air humidity, and increase the soil organic matter.
In addition, it is necessary to remind you of the prevention of lower ground temperature. Usually it takes 2-3 days after watering to raise the temperature to a suitable level. That is to say, about 2 days after watering in winter, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the shed by 3-5 °C at the temperature of daily management. Conducive to the restoration of ground temperature. If it is changed in winter, it is recommended to first water the greenhouse to raise the ground temperature and then plant it.
Measures to increase the temperature difference between day and night
The temperature difference between day and night is a prerequisite for the accumulation of photosynthetic products. If the temperature difference between day and night is too small, the photosynthetic products that consume more energy will lead to weak plant growth, slow fruit growth, etc., and maintain a reasonable temperature difference of 10-12 °C in vegetable cultivation. Can get better growth of vegetables and higher yield and quality.
In general, the temperature difference between day and night is easy to operate in the spring and autumn, and the summer night temperature is high, and the winter cloudy days will not produce enough temperature difference. Therefore, in order to maintain sufficient temperature difference in the shed, it is necessary to raise the temperature and reduce the night temperature, but it is necessary to take measures to increase the temperature difference between day and night in the temperature range suitable for vegetable growth. For example, in the summer, the temperature should be controlled at around 33 °C during the day, and at night it is best controlled at around 20 °C. In winter, the temperature during the day should be kept at around 28-30 °C, and the night temperature should not be lower than 13 °C. If there is no heat during the cloudy day, you can take various measures to increase the temperature of the shed mentioned above. The insulation and lifting of the shed are also to a certain extent to maintain a certain temperature difference between the shed and the day and night.
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