Lower the number of pests and diseases and reduce the annual damage
Most of the main diseases and insect pests on apple trees are wintering on trees. It is the key to the occurrence of diseases and insects in the coming year. By reducing the number of these pests, the pests and diseases can be reduced. Technically, it is necessary to master the scraping, coating, spraying and clearing. Scrape is to scrape the rot, old skin, and round disease. The application is to smear the diseased sputum, both sterilized and protective film, apply a healing agent to all the slashes; spray is The whole garden sprays 3 to 5 waves of sulphur sulphur mixture or 20 times of liquid rot or 800 times of liquid. The clear is to clean the diseased branches, diseased fruits, fallen leaves, old skins to the outside of the park or buried in the ground. . After the spring, the rot disease is found along with the cure, and the old skin can be placed in the germination time, because some natural enemies have already gone out, too early, even the natural enemies are eliminated, and the wounds lose moisture. In carrying out the above prevention and control measures, each step must be completely thorough, meticulous and thoughtful, and no dead ends. Only in this way can we minimize the pathogens, reduce the density of the insects, and control the development of pests and diseases. This work is done well, and the drug can be reduced by 1 to 2 times a year, and the rate of diseased plants such as rot disease is controlled within 5% . Most of the fruit farmers in production do not know much about this work. They are not serious and incomplete, and the control of pests and diseases is not good, and they are often flooded.
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Do a good job before flowering, adjust the amount of flowers, concentrate nutrition
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Pre-flowering re-cutting is an auxiliary pruning that corrects winter shear errors and sees flower pruning and compensates for the reduction of frost damage. It has an irreplaceable role in regulating flower mass, improving structure, concentrating nutrition, and coordinating growth and results. For the young trees with the results, the flower buds should be kept as much as possible, and the small and medium-sized result branches should be kept to press the crown; for the small-year trees in the fruit-bearing period, the flower buds should be retained to obtain more yield; In the Da Nian tree, the flower buds should be strictly controlled according to the ratio of flower buds and leaf buds (1 : 3) or 25 cm to one flower bud. At the same time, strong branches should retain more flowers, weak branches should be less flowers, and lengthy, The thin, stringed, peripheral branches and flower buds can also be removed from large backbone branches that affect structure and light. Through years of practice, it has been proved that the continuous re-cutting of flowers for many years has reduced the number of ineffective branches, adjusted the amount of flowers, saved nutrients, and the tree has obviously strengthened.
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Use good fertilizer water, strong tree fruit into flowers
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If there is no autumn fertilizer, the organic fertilizer should be applied. The young tree is not less than 2,500 kg, and the result tree is not less than 5,000 kg. On this basis, the fertilizer is applied to meet the nutrient demand for fruit tree flowering, fruit setting and new shoot growth. The quantity and variety of top dressing may be determined by soil, tree potential, tree age and yield. Generally, the amount of topdressing on fertile soil is small, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are prominent; on the thin soil, multiple nutrient elements should be applied to multiple holes and multiple points. Wangshu lacks nitrogen and phosphorus, weak tree polynitrogen to increase phosphorus and potassium; saplings multi-nitrogen bombs expand crown, large trees stabilize nitrogen and increase phosphorus and potassium with calcium and boron. Generally , it is applied in the proportion and quantity of 1 kg of nitrogen , 0.7 kg of phosphorus and 1.1 kg of potassium . Generally, the soil is fertilized immediately after thawing, and watering is carried out in combination with top dressing. In this period, watering can also lower the ground temperature, delay flowering, and avoid late frost. Fertilizing too late, delayed fat fresh, flower bud formation in late May of trees stopped long night, poor flowering. It is necessary to avoid the phenomenon that the amount of fertilization that is ubiquitous in production is insufficient, the proportion is wrong, and the fertilization is too late.
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