Corn is a common food crop in China and has an important impact on China's grain reserves. Strengthening research on corn pests and diseases and finding the best prevention and solution measures are effective ways to achieve high quality and high yield of corn and maintain food stability in China. With the continuous development of science and technology in China, a large number of advanced agricultural machinery and pesticides are widely used in agricultural planting. In particular, the use of chemical pesticides has aggravated the damage to the ecological environment, resulting in increased soil plate formation, pest and disease resistance. Enhanced. Corn is one of the main food crops in China. It has the characteristics of easy storage, consumption and wide application. It is an important reserve grain in China. Therefore, achieving sustainable development of corn planting and improving corn yield and quality is the development of China's agricultural modernization. Key projects.
Therefore, in the corn cultivation process, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases must be done to minimize its harm.
First, the prevention and control of seedling
1. The pests in the seedling stage mainly include underground pests, thrips, armyworms and red spiders. The thrips are often clustered in the corn heart to cause damage. After the corn is damaged, yellow-white markings appear on the leaves, and in severe cases, the leaves are twisted and deformed.
The armyworm is a kind of "gluttony" pest, which is mainly caused by the larvae biting the leaves, and can eat all the stems and leaves when the weight occurs. Small ground tigers are often lurking in the heart of the seedlings. After the leaves are damaged, they are nicked or leave only the epidermis into transparent holes. After 3 years of age, he hid in the soil and crouched out at night, and could bite the young stems of corn from the base.
Control method: 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 50% methamidophos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, 10% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 25% fast killing spirit 70-80 ml per acre plus 40 kg of water spray, prevention and control of thrips and Sticky insects. For the control of underground pests, all seeds should be mixed with 50ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 1.0 liter of water on the day before sowing, and evenly sprayed on 20 kg of seeds, and then sown after drying. The control of the ground tiger can be 50% phoxim 0.2-0.25 kg per mu, 400-500 kg watered with ridges; 50% phoxim or 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.5 kg diluted with water, crushed 50 kilograms of fresh grass, scattered in the evening near the corn seedlings, even sprinkled for two nights. The most fundamental condition for the occurrence of red spiders is drought, the more severe the drought. Therefore, it is necessary to water the water in a timely manner. It can be sprayed with 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate and 73% gram emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times.
2. The main diseases in the seedling stage
The main diseases of maize seedlings are rough disease and zinc deficiency.
The rough disease occurs mostly in the 5-6 leaves of the corn. The leaves of the diseased plants are dark green, the leaves are wide, short, hard, brittle, and densely clustered. The plants grow slowly and dwarf, which is caused by the poisonous ash. Its onset. Laodelphax sinensis generally lives in places with many weeds. Therefore, when wheat is sprayed and three-proof, weeds should be uniformly sprayed on the grass, the ground, and the roadside to kill the insect source. 1.5% of the 1605 powder 3-3.5 kg, plus 10-15 kg of soil can also be used. Before the corn emerges, it is sprinkled into the corn of the species, and the diseased plants should be removed in time to reduce the source of infection.
The typical symptoms of zinc deficiency in maize are: yellow streaks in the base and middle of young leaves. The width of these streaks is constantly expanding and gradually concentrated on both sides of the midrib of the leaves. The rest of the leaves are still green. Generally, the corn seedlings appear 20-40 cm. . Zinc deficiency can be controlled by foliar spray of 0.25%-0.3% zinc sulphate solution per acre in corn 4-5 leaf stage.
Second, the prevention of the ear and the end of the heart
1. The main pests are corn borer and aphids.
Corn mash can cause corn leaves, drill stems, damage to the ears and tassels. The control of corn borer should be mastered at the end of the heart leaf. The method of “three fingers and one sputum†is adopted, and the 1.5% phoxim granules are used for 1.5-2 kg per acre, and the control effect is obvious. It is also possible to use a pyrethroid pesticide 1000 times solution or a 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times solution, remove the spray nozzle, and spray the liquid into the heart leaf plexus. For aphids, tasseling and shearing can reduce the damage to a certain extent, and can also be sprayed with 40% dimethoate or 10% imidacloprid 1000 times.
2, the main diseases are: sheath blight, smut, and large and small spot disease
The pathogenesis of sheath blight is mainly leaf sheath and ear, followed by stem. After the onset of the leaf, it is initially pale brown plaque, sometimes water-stained. The disease begins with the base sheath and gradually develops to the upper part of the plant. When the disease develops to the ear, a cloud-like large lesion is formed on the ear. Soon, the upper stems and leaves will all die, and then the whole ear will shrink. Corn leaf spot occurs in the late growth stage, mainly affecting the leaves, and the lesions are large and small. In severe cases, the whole field is yellow. Corn leaf blight can occur throughout the growth period, jeopardizing leaves, leaf sheaths and temporal lobe. Corn black powder disease forms an ash package in the affected part, and is covered with an off-white film. After the film is broken, it is dark brown powder, which is contagious.
Control method: prevention and control of smut disease, can use 150% of 25% powder rust WP, plus 500 kg seed dressing prevention. If there is a plant with smut in the field, remove it in case of emergency. In the early stage of leaf spot disease, timely remove the lower 2-3 leaves; 70% mancozeb WP 400-500 times solution, 70% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim WP 500- 800 times liquid spray to control sheath blight and leaf spot.
Third, the maturity of filling:
To prevent the occurrence of bacterial wilt and premature aging. Mainly through the selection of strong varieties of stress resistance, to ensure the nutritional area of ​​individual plants, strengthen field management, improve the ventilation and light conditions of corn groups and other agricultural cultivation measures to prevent and control.
Comprehensive chemical prevention
Chemical control refers to the use of chemical agents for effective poisoning. Its advantages are quick results, low cost, short time and easy operation. However, it also has certain defects, which are likely to cause environmental pollution, resulting in pesticide residues in corn products. In order to minimize the harm to the human body, in order to minimize the amount of pesticide residues and improve the yield and quality of corn planting, it is necessary to carry out scientific dispensing under the guidance of experts. According to the actual situation of corn planting, low toxicity, quick effect and benefit are selected. High pesticide products , in order to protect the ecological environment and effectively prevent pests. For example, when using corn thrips, you can use 10% phagelin, plus WP 20g or 4.5% ketamine emulsifiable concentrate. 30~45 ml, 30 kg of water, spray control. Maize is one of the main food crops in China. In order to improve the high quality and high yield of corn, it is very effective to adopt common corn pest control measures. According to the different types and conditions of corn pests and diseases, effective prevention from different aspects such as biology, physics and chemistry, selecting high-quality corn varieties with high resistance to insect pests for planting, reducing the occurrence of corn pests from the roots, not only improving corn planting The output and quality can also protect the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development of corn cultivation.
High Wattage Lamp Emergency Conversion Kit
Replacing Emergency Lights,Best Emergency Light,Automatic Emergency Light,Lamp Emergency Conversion Kit,led battery driver
Foshan Nai An Lighting Electric Co.,ltd , https://www.ledpowerpack.com