The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Some Major Issues" proposes to promote price reforms in the fields of water, oil, natural gas, electricity, transportation, telecommunications, etc., and to liberalize the price of competitive links. Experts predict that the reform of the energy sector in 2014 will be based on price reforms...
The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Some Major Issues" proposes to promote price reforms in the fields of water, oil, natural gas, electricity, transportation, telecommunications, etc., and to liberalize the price of competitive links. Experts predict that the reform of the energy sector in 2014 will be a breakthrough in price reform, and the pricing mechanism for oil, gas, electricity and water will accelerate to the market, and the release of the crude oil import right that is receiving much attention is expected to make progress. Specifically, the refined oil pricing mechanism will be further improved in 2014, pricing will be more considering domestic factors; natural gas prices are also expected to be straightened, the ladder gas price will be pushed across; the ladder water price will also be further expanded nationwide; The reform will be based on the “opening of on-grid tariffs and selling electricity prices, and controlling intermediate transmission and distribution pricesâ€. In addition, the general direction of the liberalization of crude oil import rights is to form a fully liberalized competitive market, but for the moment, it needs to be carried out step by step to prevent a rush.
Refined oil pricing: more reflects domestic supply and demand
The current domestic refined oil pricing mechanism was implemented in 2009. During this period, the experience has been improved many times. The latest in March 2013, the improved pricing mechanism made the linkage between domestic oil prices and international prices more tight, and the price adjustment was more timely and frequent. Transparent. Up to now, in 2013, domestic oil prices experienced a total of 15 adjustments of seven liters and eight drops, and the overall price of gasoline and diesel was basically flat.
However, in the domestic market, due to the continued sluggish demand side, the refined oil market as a whole showed a situation of oversupply, while oil prices have been fluctuating with international oil prices and are basically “disjointed†from the domestic market.
Some experts predict that the reform of the oil price formation mechanism will take into account domestic factors. At the same time, the establishment of a crude oil futures market that reflects the supply and demand situation in the domestic market will provide conditions for this reform.
Wang Zhen, director of the China Energy Strategy Research Center of China University of Petroleum, also believes that the current domestic refined oil pricing mechanism is mainly linked to international crude oil. This is not a complete marketization. The real marketization is a pricing method that reflects the supply and demand situation in the domestic market.
Guo Jianying, deputy inspector of the price department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said recently that with the reform of the domestic refined oil market management system, especially the formation of market competition, the price of refined oil can be completely released to the market. At that time, the adjustment of oil prices may be more frequent and become a habitual state.
Natural gas: rationalize the price of imported gas pricing channel or push the country
As for natural gas prices, as China's smog problem has become increasingly prominent, increasing the use of clean energy has become more and more popular, and natural gas is undoubtedly one of the most promising varieties. Guo Jianying said that in the face of fast-growing natural gas demand, it is necessary to use both international and domestic markets to meet the demand. And to use the international market, price is a very important factor. China's natural gas prices are generally low, and enterprises are not enough to import natural gas, which has affected natural gas imports to some extent.
It is understood that the "three barrels of oil" (PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC) natural gas prices imported in the international market in recent years are generally higher, basically maintained at around 15-20 US dollars / million British thermal, converted to China is 3.3- 4.3 yuan / cubic meter. Even if you import piped natural gas from Myanmar at a price of US$9/million, it will reach 3 yuan/m3 at the border. This import price plus the domestic pipe price is still much higher than the current average door price of 1.95 yuan / cubic meter. Experts predict that there will still be room for growth in natural gas prices in the future.
In addition to price increases, how to effectively use natural gas resources will be one of the factors that must be considered in future reforms. Experts believe that the pricing of natural gas will be implemented step by step, and it is expected to be fully implemented nationwide in 2014. At present, Henan, Yunnan, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places have been implemented in China.
Wang Xiaokun, a natural gas analyst at Zhuo Chuang Information, said that some of the losses or subsidies will be transferred to the downstream through the ladder price, and the pressure on the upstream may be reduced, which will help the upstream to develop more natural gas imports and unconventional natural gas exploitation. To further increase the supply of domestic resources.
Water price: ladder price promotes awareness of saving
Water resources are one of the most scarce resources in China. Guo Jianying said that various measures are needed to improve the water-saving awareness and water-saving capacity of the whole society, and price leverage will play an irreplaceable role. The general idea in this regard is to further increase the price of water resources while stabilizing the water price of residents.
Guo Jianying said that it is necessary to establish a ladder water price system to raise the awareness of water conservation for operators and residents. At present, 50% of cities have implemented ladder water prices, and they have also achieved good results. The next step will be to implement the residential ladder water price system in the country.
In addition, experts suggest that China can also explore other pricing methods, such as two-part water price, seasonal price difference and other methods to promote water conservation.
Electricity price: let go of the two ends
Due to some problems of the power system itself, many of the policies that have been promulgated cannot be implemented smoothly, which has led to the stagnation of China's power market reform, and has become a difficult point in the reform of the resource sector.
"Since the start of the power reform in 2002, there has been no substantial change in the power industry." Liu Shujie, director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Economic Institute, said frankly. He said that the power industry is a whole, and the reform of electricity prices is inseparable from the reform of the power system. It is unrealistic to open up the power system to talk about electricity price reform. Therefore, in order to speed up the electricity price reform, it is necessary to improve the top-level design, specifically to the power layout, the distribution of competitive entities, the electricity market trading model and so on.
Liu Shujie said that the key to the reform of the electricity market is to cultivate a competitive power market. At present, the electricity prices on the electricity-selling side and the user side are not fully competitive, so market-oriented pricing cannot be formed.
In this regard, Wang Zhen said that the sales price is pushing up the ladder. Therefore, under the minimum electricity demand of residents, agriculture and public institutions, the model of “opening the two ends and controlling the middle†can be adopted, that is, the on-grid price is released. And the sale of electricity prices, to control the middle of the transmission and distribution pricing.
The opening of crude oil import rights can open the market should be step by step
As a key step in accelerating the marketization of China's petroleum industry and introducing diversified competition, the elimination of crude oil import restrictions has always been the focus of the industry.
Due to the high threshold for China's qualifications for crude oil importers, and the impediments of “certificate of production†and “road transport permitsâ€, domestic local refining and chemical companies are extremely difficult to obtain crude oil. The data shows that since 2009, China's annual crude oil imports have exceeded 200 million tons, reaching 271 million tons in 2012. Compared with the huge import volume, the non-state-owned import crude oil quota only accounts for 10% (regardless of the actual use of quotas).
The China Petroleum Circulation Association and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Petroleum Industry have repeatedly called for a long-term breakthrough in the importation of crude oil through the "two barrels of oil" instead of the national unified allocation management.
It is understood that the Ministry of Commerce and the Energy Bureau have already discussed this matter with relevant state-owned oil companies, private companies and associations, and the general direction of opening up crude oil import rights has been basically determined. Relevant departments also issued drafts for the application conditions, application materials and application procedures for crude oil and refined oil non-state-owned trade import enterprises.
However, in view of the excessive liberalization that led to China’s long-term and disorderly competition in the international iron ore market, the industry believes that the current import authority for crude oil will not be fully liberalized, and crude oil import restrictions will only be conditionally “one step. One step is to loosen, firstly, the truly competitive private capital is allowed to import crude oil independently. When the market matures, it will be considered to be fully liberalized.
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