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On the morning of April 2, the Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang visited the experimental site of the ADS Proton Linear Accelerator Project of the High Energy Institute. Zhan Wenlong, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang Feifang, Director of the Institute of High Energy, and Pan Weimin, Party Secretary and Party Committee Secretary, accompanied the inspection.
All of today's nuclear reactors rely on chain reactions, but chain reactions can run out of control and cause explosions. According to Hong Kong media, by exploring the use of proton beams in subcritical reactors, Chinese scientists have gone one step further from the ability to run a nuclear reactor without chain reaction. This can eliminate the risk of melting, and on the other hand it can remove heaps of nuclear waste faster and more safely.
The "South China Morning Post" website published an article on the 4th, "Light of Hope: The Heat Reactor Breaks or Helps China Solve the Nuclear Waste Problem and Eliminate the Threat of Melting." Reported that all reactors today rely on chain reaction, but the chain reaction may be out of control and cause a big explosion. This happened in Ukraine's Chernobyl disaster in 1986. The chain reaction also produces a large amount of radioactive waste that takes millions of years to safely biodegrade.
The Chinese research team tried to solve these two problems with a new approach. They explored the use of proton beams in subcritical reactors.
Nuclear scientists have been dreaming of building such a reactor for decades, but due to many scientific problems, this has so far been only a theoretical structure.
The Chinese research team uses external high-energy proton beams to trigger and maintain the nuclear fission process. As a result, when the proton beam is interrupted, the nuclear fuel stops burning. This eliminates the risk of chain reactions, and current reactors use chain reactions to maintain nuclear fission.
In addition, the proton beam, after hitting the target, can generate neutrons quickly enough to consume other fissile materials, such as plutonium and waste from commercial reactors. This is known as an important nuclear "waste disposal" measure.
Professor Pan Weimin, chief scientist of accelerator-driven subcritical clean nuclear energy system (ADS) project of the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: “We are very excited. We have solved the problem of direct cold start operation for launching (reactor) engines.â€
Professor Pan compared the generation of proton beams to launching an old car engine on the cold day because the difficulties were comparable. Once started, it runs smoothly, but it is not easy to complete the initial "light off."
In order to smoothly "start the engine", the Chinese research team successfully conducted an experiment in Beijing in October this year. According to the news released by the website of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in terms of technology, they can steadily accelerate pulsed proton beams exceeding 10.4 mA to 6.05 Meg.
Professor Pan said that this means that they can achieve the initial "ignition take off" to start the critical reactor. This breakthrough removes a major technical obstacle to the construction of this reactor that has so far been stuck on paper.
"We built a brand new nuclear engine," he said. "It hasn't yet run at full speed, but it is up and running."
Judging from the recent pace of technological development, Prof. Pan said that he is confident to build a new generation of power stations within ten years. But other Chinese researchers said that his solution may not be the best because there are other new reactor designs and methods.
The concept of subcritical reactor was first proposed by the American physicist Ernest Lawrence in the 1950s, and attracted worldwide attention with the support of Carlo Rubia, one of the 1984 Nobel Prize winners in physics.
But it turns out that this is a tough bone. In addition to the challenge of generating powerful and stable proton beams, there are many other structural and mechanical challenges to be overcome.
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