With the continuous expansion of the scale of vegetable greenhouse cultivation, the acidification problem of greenhouse soil has become more and more serious. According to the survey, the greenhouse with a pH value of <5.5 currently accounts for 30%, the area with a pH value of <6.0 is more than 50%, and there are still many pH values ​​<4.5. Acidification of greenhouse soils has led to poor plant development and increased disease, which has seriously affected the yield and quality of greenhouse vegetables.
1. Reasons for acidification 1.1 The high yield of vegetables in greenhouses removes too many base elements such as calcium, magnesium and potassium from the soil, resulting in excessive consumption of potassium and trace elements in the soil, which causes the soil to acidify. Direction development.
1.2 The application of a large number of acidic fertilizers, the temperature and humidity in the shed are high, and the leaching effect of rainwater is less. With the increase of cultivation years, the accumulation of acid roots in the plough layer is serious, leading to acidification of the soil.
1.3 Due to the high multi-cropping index and the large amount of fertilizer, the soil organic matter content is reduced, the buffer capacity is reduced, and the soil acidification problem is aggravated.
1.4 The proportion of high-concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is too large, while the input of trace elements in calcium and magnesium is relatively insufficient, resulting in soil nutrient imbalance, which makes the base elements such as calcium and magnesium in the soil colloidal particles easy. Replaced by hydrogen ions.
2. Hazards of acidification 2.1 Acidic soils breed fungi, rhizosphere diseases increase, and control is difficult, especially the brucellosis of cruciferae and the bacterial wilt and verticillium wilt of solanaceous vegetables.
2.2 The soil structure is destroyed, the soil is compacted, the physical properties are deteriorated, the resistance to stress is reduced, and the ability of vegetables to withstand drought and natural disasters is weakened.
2.3 Under acidic conditions, the solubility of aluminum and manganese increases, the effectiveness is improved, and the toxicity of vegetables is produced.
2.4 Under acidic conditions, the hydrogen ions in the soil increase, which antagonizes the absorption of other cations by vegetables.
3. Control measures 3.1 Adding organic materials A large amount of organic materials can not only increase the soil organic matter content in the greenhouse, increase the buffering capacity of the soil for acidification, increase the pH of the soil, and, in the greenhouse, the decomposition and utilization of organic materials. High, increasing soil effective nutrients, improving soil structure, and promoting the development of beneficial microbes in the soil and inhibiting the occurrence of vegetable diseases.
3.2 Change the fertilization method The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in vegetables is generally 1:0.3:1.03. Therefore, it is recommended to use the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to two high-low intermediate compound fertilizers, paying special attention to potassium input, and The input of medium and trace elements, vigorously promote organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, so that nutrients are coordinated and inhibit the acidification tendency of soil. Minimize the application of acidic compound fertilizers with the same ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as the application of chlorinated fertilizers.
3.3 Application of quicklime to improve soil The application of quicklime to the soil can neutralize acidity, increase soil pH, directly change the acidification of the soil, and supplement the vegetables with a large amount of calcium.
The application method pulverizes the quicklime, and most of them can pass through the 100 mesh sieve. Before the sowing, the quicklime and the organic fertilizer are separately applied to the field, and then the tillage and the organic fertilizer are mixed with the soil as much as possible.
Application pH 5.0-5.4 with quicklime 130 kg / 667 square meters; pH 5.5 ~ 5.9 with quicklime 65 kg / 667 square meters; pH 6.0 ~ 6.4 with quicklime 30 kg / 667 square meters (to adjust 15 cm acid tillage Layer soil meter).
Source: Beijing Agriculture
1. Reasons for acidification 1.1 The high yield of vegetables in greenhouses removes too many base elements such as calcium, magnesium and potassium from the soil, resulting in excessive consumption of potassium and trace elements in the soil, which causes the soil to acidify. Direction development.
1.2 The application of a large number of acidic fertilizers, the temperature and humidity in the shed are high, and the leaching effect of rainwater is less. With the increase of cultivation years, the accumulation of acid roots in the plough layer is serious, leading to acidification of the soil.
1.3 Due to the high multi-cropping index and the large amount of fertilizer, the soil organic matter content is reduced, the buffer capacity is reduced, and the soil acidification problem is aggravated.
1.4 The proportion of high-concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is too large, while the input of trace elements in calcium and magnesium is relatively insufficient, resulting in soil nutrient imbalance, which makes the base elements such as calcium and magnesium in the soil colloidal particles easy. Replaced by hydrogen ions.
2. Hazards of acidification 2.1 Acidic soils breed fungi, rhizosphere diseases increase, and control is difficult, especially the brucellosis of cruciferae and the bacterial wilt and verticillium wilt of solanaceous vegetables.
2.2 The soil structure is destroyed, the soil is compacted, the physical properties are deteriorated, the resistance to stress is reduced, and the ability of vegetables to withstand drought and natural disasters is weakened.
2.3 Under acidic conditions, the solubility of aluminum and manganese increases, the effectiveness is improved, and the toxicity of vegetables is produced.
2.4 Under acidic conditions, the hydrogen ions in the soil increase, which antagonizes the absorption of other cations by vegetables.
3. Control measures 3.1 Adding organic materials A large amount of organic materials can not only increase the soil organic matter content in the greenhouse, increase the buffering capacity of the soil for acidification, increase the pH of the soil, and, in the greenhouse, the decomposition and utilization of organic materials. High, increasing soil effective nutrients, improving soil structure, and promoting the development of beneficial microbes in the soil and inhibiting the occurrence of vegetable diseases.
3.2 Change the fertilization method The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in vegetables is generally 1:0.3:1.03. Therefore, it is recommended to use the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to two high-low intermediate compound fertilizers, paying special attention to potassium input, and The input of medium and trace elements, vigorously promote organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, so that nutrients are coordinated and inhibit the acidification tendency of soil. Minimize the application of acidic compound fertilizers with the same ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as the application of chlorinated fertilizers.
3.3 Application of quicklime to improve soil The application of quicklime to the soil can neutralize acidity, increase soil pH, directly change the acidification of the soil, and supplement the vegetables with a large amount of calcium.
The application method pulverizes the quicklime, and most of them can pass through the 100 mesh sieve. Before the sowing, the quicklime and the organic fertilizer are separately applied to the field, and then the tillage and the organic fertilizer are mixed with the soil as much as possible.
Application pH 5.0-5.4 with quicklime 130 kg / 667 square meters; pH 5.5 ~ 5.9 with quicklime 65 kg / 667 square meters; pH 6.0 ~ 6.4 with quicklime 30 kg / 667 square meters (to adjust 15 cm acid tillage Layer soil meter).
Source: Beijing Agriculture
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