First, technical brief
The mechanized straw returning technology means that after the grain is harvested, the harvested crop straws are directly crushed or buried or the whole straw is pressed and returned to the field. It includes various forms such as straw smashing and returning, root smashing and smashing, whole stalk burying and returning, whole stalk pressing and returning, etc. It can complete multiple processes at one time, and has the advantages of convenience, fastness and low cost. Not only when rushing to farm, but also to solve the problem of timely treatment of large amounts of straw on the spot, avoiding the problem of polluting the environment caused by decay and incineration, and increasing land organic matter content, improving soil structure and fertility by large-scale land cultivation. It has created a new path to increase the amount of agricultural products and establish high-yield and stable-production agriculture.
The core technology is to use a variety of straw returning machinery to directly return the straw into the field, so that the straw is decomposed into organic fertilizer in the soil to improve the soil aggregate structure and physical and chemical properties such as water retention, water absorption, bonding, ventilation, heat preservation, etc. Soil fertility and organic matter content make a large amount of discarded straw directly turned into waste.
Second, the operating procedures
1. Returning rice straw to the field: mechanically harvesting rice, mechanically crushing the straw and throwing it in the field, applying nitrogen fertilizer after releasing the water soaking field, and then using the reverse rotation tillage machine or the paddy field rotary tiller or the paddy field to drive the paddy field and so on. Carry out grass and land preparation work. This technology is suitable for double-season rice or multi-season rice producing areas.
2. Returning corn stalks to the field: After artificially harvesting corn ears, mechanically crushing corn stalks, or mechanically harvesting, simultaneously smashing straw, replenishing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, deep ploughing and burying, and planting wheat after land preparation. The technology is suitable for north and south corn producing areas; The technology of direct burying of corn stalks by column plough is suitable for the single-season production area of ​​maize in the north.
Third, matters needing attention
1. When the rice straw is returned to the field, the depth of the surface of the field is preferably 3 to 5 cm.
2. The amount of rice straw returned to the field in the double-season rice production area is about 500 kg per acre or 50 kg of dry straw. It is also necessary to pay attention to the same amount of animal fat or organic fertilizer, which is beneficial to nutrient complementation. At the same time, the nitrogen fertilizer and the full amount of phosphate fertilizer required for 80% of the chemical fertilizer in the whole growth period of rice should be applied at one time, which is used as the base fertilizer to balance the nutrients, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, accelerate the decomposition rate of straw and improve the fertilizer efficiency.
3. After planting rice seedlings, the water depth should not exceed 5 cm. Immediately after the seedlings return to green, the wet irrigation method of shallow water irrigation is used to make the back water not see the front water, so that the soil gas exchanges and releases harmful gases.
4. When using the paddy field rotary tiller and the paddy field to drive the grass to carry out the grass burying operation in the paddy field, it is necessary to use the slow and medium speed to work in the vertical and horizontal directions twice.
5. In areas where no-till sowing is not used, after the straw is crushed and replenished, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied immediately, and the straw should be immediately sown or smashed to make the straw evenly distributed in the 10 cm plough layer. If deep ploughing is carried out, the ploughing depth should be no less than 23 cm, and it should be suppressed in time after ploughing.
6. When corn stalks and root mash are smashed into the field, care should be taken to prevent leakage cutting. The pulverization length should not exceed 10 cm, and the root mash breaking rate should reach 86% or more.
7. No-till sowing summer corn should use a no-till planter with a divider and a fertilizer. After sowing, pesticides and herbicides should be sprayed as required.
8. When the corn stalks are returned to the field, the straw returned to the field should be kept as green as possible. After the straw is returned to the field, the water should be replenished in time to promote the decomposition of the straw. Before the winter, the field should be filled with frozen water to solidify the soil and promote the decomposition of straw rot.
9. When using straw returning machinery, the installation of universal joints should pay attention to three points:
(1) It should be ensured that when the returning machine is working and lifting, the square shaft, the casing and the clamping fork are neither dead nor have sufficient mating length;
(2) The universal joint should be installed correctly. If the direction is wrongly installed, it will produce a sound, which will increase the vibration of the returning machine and cause damage to the machine;
(3) When supporting the tractor, the support rod next to the cylinder should be changed to flat iron, so as not to affect the rotation of the universal joint.
Fourth, applicable equipment
Rice-wheat combine harvester, wheat harvester, wheat thresher, various types of machine-introduced straw smasher, reverse rotary tillage and smashing machine, paddy field rotary tiller, paddy field drive raft, XFP series or 4LFJQ straw smasher (with combine harvester), corn no-till seed drill, sprayer (device), various deep ploughs, etc.
The mechanized straw returning technology means that after the grain is harvested, the harvested crop straws are directly crushed or buried or the whole straw is pressed and returned to the field. It includes various forms such as straw smashing and returning, root smashing and smashing, whole stalk burying and returning, whole stalk pressing and returning, etc. It can complete multiple processes at one time, and has the advantages of convenience, fastness and low cost. Not only when rushing to farm, but also to solve the problem of timely treatment of large amounts of straw on the spot, avoiding the problem of polluting the environment caused by decay and incineration, and increasing land organic matter content, improving soil structure and fertility by large-scale land cultivation. It has created a new path to increase the amount of agricultural products and establish high-yield and stable-production agriculture.
The core technology is to use a variety of straw returning machinery to directly return the straw into the field, so that the straw is decomposed into organic fertilizer in the soil to improve the soil aggregate structure and physical and chemical properties such as water retention, water absorption, bonding, ventilation, heat preservation, etc. Soil fertility and organic matter content make a large amount of discarded straw directly turned into waste.
Second, the operating procedures
1. Returning rice straw to the field: mechanically harvesting rice, mechanically crushing the straw and throwing it in the field, applying nitrogen fertilizer after releasing the water soaking field, and then using the reverse rotation tillage machine or the paddy field rotary tiller or the paddy field to drive the paddy field and so on. Carry out grass and land preparation work. This technology is suitable for double-season rice or multi-season rice producing areas.
2. Returning corn stalks to the field: After artificially harvesting corn ears, mechanically crushing corn stalks, or mechanically harvesting, simultaneously smashing straw, replenishing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, deep ploughing and burying, and planting wheat after land preparation. The technology is suitable for north and south corn producing areas; The technology of direct burying of corn stalks by column plough is suitable for the single-season production area of ​​maize in the north.
Third, matters needing attention
1. When the rice straw is returned to the field, the depth of the surface of the field is preferably 3 to 5 cm.
2. The amount of rice straw returned to the field in the double-season rice production area is about 500 kg per acre or 50 kg of dry straw. It is also necessary to pay attention to the same amount of animal fat or organic fertilizer, which is beneficial to nutrient complementation. At the same time, the nitrogen fertilizer and the full amount of phosphate fertilizer required for 80% of the chemical fertilizer in the whole growth period of rice should be applied at one time, which is used as the base fertilizer to balance the nutrients, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, accelerate the decomposition rate of straw and improve the fertilizer efficiency.
3. After planting rice seedlings, the water depth should not exceed 5 cm. Immediately after the seedlings return to green, the wet irrigation method of shallow water irrigation is used to make the back water not see the front water, so that the soil gas exchanges and releases harmful gases.
4. When using the paddy field rotary tiller and the paddy field to drive the grass to carry out the grass burying operation in the paddy field, it is necessary to use the slow and medium speed to work in the vertical and horizontal directions twice.
5. In areas where no-till sowing is not used, after the straw is crushed and replenished, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied immediately, and the straw should be immediately sown or smashed to make the straw evenly distributed in the 10 cm plough layer. If deep ploughing is carried out, the ploughing depth should be no less than 23 cm, and it should be suppressed in time after ploughing.
6. When corn stalks and root mash are smashed into the field, care should be taken to prevent leakage cutting. The pulverization length should not exceed 10 cm, and the root mash breaking rate should reach 86% or more.
7. No-till sowing summer corn should use a no-till planter with a divider and a fertilizer. After sowing, pesticides and herbicides should be sprayed as required.
8. When the corn stalks are returned to the field, the straw returned to the field should be kept as green as possible. After the straw is returned to the field, the water should be replenished in time to promote the decomposition of the straw. Before the winter, the field should be filled with frozen water to solidify the soil and promote the decomposition of straw rot.
9. When using straw returning machinery, the installation of universal joints should pay attention to three points:
(1) It should be ensured that when the returning machine is working and lifting, the square shaft, the casing and the clamping fork are neither dead nor have sufficient mating length;
(2) The universal joint should be installed correctly. If the direction is wrongly installed, it will produce a sound, which will increase the vibration of the returning machine and cause damage to the machine;
(3) When supporting the tractor, the support rod next to the cylinder should be changed to flat iron, so as not to affect the rotation of the universal joint.
Fourth, applicable equipment
Rice-wheat combine harvester, wheat harvester, wheat thresher, various types of machine-introduced straw smasher, reverse rotary tillage and smashing machine, paddy field rotary tiller, paddy field drive raft, XFP series or 4LFJQ straw smasher (with combine harvester), corn no-till seed drill, sprayer (device), various deep ploughs, etc.
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