Carbon dioxide is one of the main raw materials for crop photosynthesis. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is generally about 300ml/m3, which is far from meeting the needs of high quality and high yield of crops. It is impractical to add carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to the open field. The closed environment of the greenhouse makes carbon dioxide gas fertilization possible. At the same time, it is also an indispensable important measure for high-yield and high-quality cultivation.
1. Application method 1.1 Liquid carbon dioxide fertilization method converts gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and stores it in a steel cylinder. When fertilizing, the valve is opened, and a vaporized carbon dioxide is uniformly released into the shed by a long plastic hose with a small outlet hole. indoor. The cylinder vent pressure is 1.0--1.2 kg/cm 2 and is deflated 6--12 min per day. Carbon dioxide is generally a by-product of breweries and chemical plants, and the purity requirement is above 99%. The cylinder can be used with GPT-216-150-40 seamless bottle produced by Anshan High Pressure Container Factory.
1.2 Chemical reaction Fertilization method Mainly, strong acid reacts with carbonate to produce carbonic acid, while carbonic acid is chemically unstable and can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water under low temperature conditions. At present, the main promotion method is the reaction method of dilute sulfuric acid and ammonium bicarbonate. The reaction formula is: 2NH4HCO3+H2SO4 (lean) = (NH4)2SO4+2CO2↑+2H2O. The carbon dioxide produced by the reaction can be used as a gas fertilizer, and ammonium sulfate can be used as a soil fertilizer. The sulfuric acid can be industrial sulfuric acid, the ammonium carbonate is a chemical fertilizer, and the cost is low. The specific usage is: the reaction container is a small plastic bucket, a glass cylinder or a glass bottle. Concentrated sulfuric acid and water are diluted 1:3. When diluting, pour 1 part of concentrated sulfuric acid into 3 parts of water slowly, and mix it thoroughly with water with a plastic rod or glass rod while pouring. Do not pour water into sulfuric acid to prevent sulfuric acid splash and injury. Each shed is suspended from 7 to 10 containers, and the height is the middle and upper part of the crop, generally about 1.2 m from the ground. Pour the weighed dilute sulfuric acid into the container, weighed 7-10 parts of ammonium carbonate, packed in plastic bags, and put more than a dozen holes in each bag, each placed in a container filled with acid. Let it react slowly, and the residue can be applied to the soil as a fertilizer when there is no residual sulfuric acid. The method controls the concentration of carbon dioxide gas by controlling the amount of ammonium carbonate.
In addition, there are also reaction methods of sulfuric acid and baking soda, limestone and hydrochloric acid in production. In the specific application, in addition to the above simple application, a complete set of carbon dioxide gas generating devices has been sold in production. The device replaces the small container with a large container, and the generated carbon dioxide gas is filtered through clean water and sent to the chamber through a perforated plastic tube. For example, the Fangtian brand HTI-8 carbon dioxide generator produced by the Hebei Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Workstation can be used in high-tech parks or conditional farmers.
1.3 Combustion Fertilization Method 1 Liquid fuel combustion method. The combustion of liquid petrochemical products produces carbon dioxide. The fuel is white kerosene, which is burned in a special burner but at a higher cost. Its reaction formula is: 2C10H22+31O2--→20CO2↑+22H2O.
2 solid fuel combustion method. The use of substances with higher carbon content, such as wood, coal, coke, etc., burns in the air to emit carbon dioxide. At present, there are specialized equipment for production, such as a device called "gas fertilizer machine", which consists of a combustion furnace, a gas filtering device and a gas conveying device. The combustion produces such as SO2, CO, NO2, H2S and smoke. Remove it well.
The advanced carbon dioxide gas fertilizer rod is a new type of combustion type gas fertilizer. It uses high-temperature carbonized charcoal as a carbon source, fully mixed with catalyst and activator, and then dried and activated. It is directly ignited by fire and placed in the shed. Yes, it is worth promoting.
3 gas combustion method. The use of liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, biogas and other fuels to produce carbon dioxide. The canned liquefied gas is generally connected to a combustion device, which is ignited in the shed to generate carbon dioxide, and also provides light and heat. Its reaction formula is: C3H8+5O2--→3CO2↑+4H2O.
1.4 Microbial decomposition method 1 Add organic fertilizer to produce carbon dioxide.
2 Cultivation of edible fungi in the shed.
1.5 Animal Breathing Method In the integrated production of cultivation and planting, the shed is directly connected to the breeding area, such as the greenhouse----the cattle farm (pig farm, sheep farm, etc.), which directly enters the CO2 exhaled by the culture object. The shed, thereby increasing the CO2 concentration in the shed.
1.6 Soil chemical method Solid particles formed by using CaCO3 powder as a base material and high temperature treatment together with other additives, carriers and binders are generally in the form of granules or powder. For example, the solid-gas granular fertilizer developed by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is scattered on the surface or buried in the surface layer of 1--2 cm. Under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, carbon dioxide is slowly released through the biochemical and physicochemical effects of soil microorganisms. The disadvantage is that the concentration and amount are not easily controlled by humans. When used, the granular gas fertilizer is evenly buried between the rows. Generally, the amount of 667 square meters is 40--50kg. Once the input is made, the carbon dioxide is released for about 60 days, and 40 days after the application, the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse is 1000ml/m3. The highest concentration of carbon dioxide is 2000ml/m3.
1.7 Solid Carbon Dioxide Fertilization Method Use solid carbon dioxide, that is, dry ice, to absorb heat at room temperature and then sublimate into a gas for fertilization. Dry ice storage and transportation conditions are strict and are generally applied in the seedbed. Do not touch dry ice when using it to avoid cold damage.
2. Fertilization period, time and concentration 2.1 For the period of vegetables, the effect of applying carbon dioxide in the early stage is better. The seedling stage can be started from the beginning of the true leaves, and the effect is the best before the flower bud differentiation. It should not be applied before, and it should be applied in the same period. For melons and solanaceous vegetables, it should be applied to the female flower, flowering period and early application. Therefore, the absorption of carbon dioxide by the plants increased sharply.
2.2 Time Generally, in the morning of the morning, fertilization begins after 0.5 hours of exposure. Cloudy or mild cloudy days can be delayed by 1h. In winter (November to February), the time for carbon dioxide fertilization is about 9:00 am, the northeast region can be postponed, and the spring and autumn seasons can be appropriately advanced. The application was stopped 0.5 h before the release of the air. It is better to apply the fertilizer for not less than 2 hours each time.
2.3 Concentration The concentration of carbon dioxide fertilization should be considered in terms of crops, seasons, growth period, growth conditions, weather conditions, and fertilizer and water management levels. Generally, the amount of carbon dioxide should be gradually increased with the increase of light and temperature. The general concentration is 1000--1300ml/m3 for sunny days and 500--1000ml/m3 for cloudy days. Low temperature and low light exposure period is generally not suitable for application.
3, matters needing attention 1 carbon dioxide fertilization should be matched with other measures. The room temperature is increased by 2--3 °C during the day and the temperature is lowered by 1--2 °C at night to prevent the lengthening. Improve soil and air humidity. Add P, K fertilizer, etc.
2 Prevent stems and leaves from appearing in length.
3 to prevent high concentration of carbon dioxide gas poisoning, production control is safe below 1600ml / cubic meter.
4 Carbon dioxide gas fertilization should maintain continuity, usually no more than one week between the two times. At the same time, when the fertilization is over, do not stop suddenly, and slowly reduce the amount to prevent premature aging.
1. Application method 1.1 Liquid carbon dioxide fertilization method converts gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and stores it in a steel cylinder. When fertilizing, the valve is opened, and a vaporized carbon dioxide is uniformly released into the shed by a long plastic hose with a small outlet hole. indoor. The cylinder vent pressure is 1.0--1.2 kg/cm 2 and is deflated 6--12 min per day. Carbon dioxide is generally a by-product of breweries and chemical plants, and the purity requirement is above 99%. The cylinder can be used with GPT-216-150-40 seamless bottle produced by Anshan High Pressure Container Factory.
1.2 Chemical reaction Fertilization method Mainly, strong acid reacts with carbonate to produce carbonic acid, while carbonic acid is chemically unstable and can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water under low temperature conditions. At present, the main promotion method is the reaction method of dilute sulfuric acid and ammonium bicarbonate. The reaction formula is: 2NH4HCO3+H2SO4 (lean) = (NH4)2SO4+2CO2↑+2H2O. The carbon dioxide produced by the reaction can be used as a gas fertilizer, and ammonium sulfate can be used as a soil fertilizer. The sulfuric acid can be industrial sulfuric acid, the ammonium carbonate is a chemical fertilizer, and the cost is low. The specific usage is: the reaction container is a small plastic bucket, a glass cylinder or a glass bottle. Concentrated sulfuric acid and water are diluted 1:3. When diluting, pour 1 part of concentrated sulfuric acid into 3 parts of water slowly, and mix it thoroughly with water with a plastic rod or glass rod while pouring. Do not pour water into sulfuric acid to prevent sulfuric acid splash and injury. Each shed is suspended from 7 to 10 containers, and the height is the middle and upper part of the crop, generally about 1.2 m from the ground. Pour the weighed dilute sulfuric acid into the container, weighed 7-10 parts of ammonium carbonate, packed in plastic bags, and put more than a dozen holes in each bag, each placed in a container filled with acid. Let it react slowly, and the residue can be applied to the soil as a fertilizer when there is no residual sulfuric acid. The method controls the concentration of carbon dioxide gas by controlling the amount of ammonium carbonate.
In addition, there are also reaction methods of sulfuric acid and baking soda, limestone and hydrochloric acid in production. In the specific application, in addition to the above simple application, a complete set of carbon dioxide gas generating devices has been sold in production. The device replaces the small container with a large container, and the generated carbon dioxide gas is filtered through clean water and sent to the chamber through a perforated plastic tube. For example, the Fangtian brand HTI-8 carbon dioxide generator produced by the Hebei Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Workstation can be used in high-tech parks or conditional farmers.
1.3 Combustion Fertilization Method 1 Liquid fuel combustion method. The combustion of liquid petrochemical products produces carbon dioxide. The fuel is white kerosene, which is burned in a special burner but at a higher cost. Its reaction formula is: 2C10H22+31O2--→20CO2↑+22H2O.
2 solid fuel combustion method. The use of substances with higher carbon content, such as wood, coal, coke, etc., burns in the air to emit carbon dioxide. At present, there are specialized equipment for production, such as a device called "gas fertilizer machine", which consists of a combustion furnace, a gas filtering device and a gas conveying device. The combustion produces such as SO2, CO, NO2, H2S and smoke. Remove it well.
The advanced carbon dioxide gas fertilizer rod is a new type of combustion type gas fertilizer. It uses high-temperature carbonized charcoal as a carbon source, fully mixed with catalyst and activator, and then dried and activated. It is directly ignited by fire and placed in the shed. Yes, it is worth promoting.
3 gas combustion method. The use of liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, biogas and other fuels to produce carbon dioxide. The canned liquefied gas is generally connected to a combustion device, which is ignited in the shed to generate carbon dioxide, and also provides light and heat. Its reaction formula is: C3H8+5O2--→3CO2↑+4H2O.
1.4 Microbial decomposition method 1 Add organic fertilizer to produce carbon dioxide.
2 Cultivation of edible fungi in the shed.
1.5 Animal Breathing Method In the integrated production of cultivation and planting, the shed is directly connected to the breeding area, such as the greenhouse----the cattle farm (pig farm, sheep farm, etc.), which directly enters the CO2 exhaled by the culture object. The shed, thereby increasing the CO2 concentration in the shed.
1.6 Soil chemical method Solid particles formed by using CaCO3 powder as a base material and high temperature treatment together with other additives, carriers and binders are generally in the form of granules or powder. For example, the solid-gas granular fertilizer developed by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is scattered on the surface or buried in the surface layer of 1--2 cm. Under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, carbon dioxide is slowly released through the biochemical and physicochemical effects of soil microorganisms. The disadvantage is that the concentration and amount are not easily controlled by humans. When used, the granular gas fertilizer is evenly buried between the rows. Generally, the amount of 667 square meters is 40--50kg. Once the input is made, the carbon dioxide is released for about 60 days, and 40 days after the application, the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse is 1000ml/m3. The highest concentration of carbon dioxide is 2000ml/m3.
1.7 Solid Carbon Dioxide Fertilization Method Use solid carbon dioxide, that is, dry ice, to absorb heat at room temperature and then sublimate into a gas for fertilization. Dry ice storage and transportation conditions are strict and are generally applied in the seedbed. Do not touch dry ice when using it to avoid cold damage.
2. Fertilization period, time and concentration 2.1 For the period of vegetables, the effect of applying carbon dioxide in the early stage is better. The seedling stage can be started from the beginning of the true leaves, and the effect is the best before the flower bud differentiation. It should not be applied before, and it should be applied in the same period. For melons and solanaceous vegetables, it should be applied to the female flower, flowering period and early application. Therefore, the absorption of carbon dioxide by the plants increased sharply.
2.2 Time Generally, in the morning of the morning, fertilization begins after 0.5 hours of exposure. Cloudy or mild cloudy days can be delayed by 1h. In winter (November to February), the time for carbon dioxide fertilization is about 9:00 am, the northeast region can be postponed, and the spring and autumn seasons can be appropriately advanced. The application was stopped 0.5 h before the release of the air. It is better to apply the fertilizer for not less than 2 hours each time.
2.3 Concentration The concentration of carbon dioxide fertilization should be considered in terms of crops, seasons, growth period, growth conditions, weather conditions, and fertilizer and water management levels. Generally, the amount of carbon dioxide should be gradually increased with the increase of light and temperature. The general concentration is 1000--1300ml/m3 for sunny days and 500--1000ml/m3 for cloudy days. Low temperature and low light exposure period is generally not suitable for application.
3, matters needing attention 1 carbon dioxide fertilization should be matched with other measures. The room temperature is increased by 2--3 °C during the day and the temperature is lowered by 1--2 °C at night to prevent the lengthening. Improve soil and air humidity. Add P, K fertilizer, etc.
2 Prevent stems and leaves from appearing in length.
3 to prevent high concentration of carbon dioxide gas poisoning, production control is safe below 1600ml / cubic meter.
4 Carbon dioxide gas fertilization should maintain continuity, usually no more than one week between the two times. At the same time, when the fertilization is over, do not stop suddenly, and slowly reduce the amount to prevent premature aging.
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