As a renewable clean energy source, wind power has received extensive attention and application, and wind power equipment manufacturing industry has also continued to develop. It is seen as a sunrise industry with good development prospects. However, due to the lack of core technologies and independent innovation capabilities, the domestic wind power manufacturing industry has been in a passive situation, especially after the National Development and Reform Commission canceled the “Wind power equipment localization rate to reach more than 70%†requirement in 2010, the international wind power equipment manufacturing Business executives drove straight into the market and competition in the domestic market became even fiercer.
From January to August this year, the total import and export of wind power generation equipment in China was 292.032 million U.S. dollars, which was a drop of 27.8% from the same period of last year. Among them, the export of wind power equipment was 282.169 million U.S. dollars, which was nearly 30% lower than the same period of last year. Import wind power The power generation equipment was 9.863 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 6.8 times compared with the same period of last year. It can be seen that the import and export trade of wind power equipment in our country is clearly differentiated and presents a situation in which there is an icy and heavy fire. Look at the details:
I. Supported by policies The trade competitiveness of China's wind power generation equipment continues to increase
From 2004 to the present, the trade pattern of wind power equipment in China has undergone tremendous changes. It has gradually changed from import-oriented to export-oriented, and the trade competitiveness [1] has also changed from weaker to stronger. See Figure 1 and the wind power in China. The strong support of power generation equipment industry is closely related. In 2005, the National Development and Reform Commission requested wind power investors to ensure the localization of wind power equipment by 70%. Its purpose is to reduce the cost of wind power generation in China and promote the industrialization of wind power. In the following years, the wind power industry in China ushered in a golden period of rapid development. The average annual growth rate of new installed capacity exceeded 50%, and the cumulative installed capacity accounted for global installed capacity increased from 1.6% to 26.7%. More than the United States has leapt to the top of the world. Figure 2. In response to European and American requirements in 2010, the need for the development of the industry was also eliminated. The state cancelled the requirement of “a localization rate of 70%.†Import conditions began to pick up, and industry competition became more severe.
Second, exports show a trend of diversification, but the import concentration is still high
From January to August 2013, China’s wind power generation equipment has been exported to more than 70 countries and regions, showing a diversified development trend. Among them, South Africa ranked first, and the export value reached 76.658 million US dollars, accounting for the total export of wind power equipment in China. 27.1%, followed by the EU, Peru and Australia, accounting for 16.7%, 15% and 12.9%, respectively.
Contrary to export conditions, the import of wind power equipment in China has a high degree of concentration, almost all imported from EU countries, accounting for 98.3% of China's total import of wind power equipment, which is mainly determined by the market structure of wind power equipment, from the global From a perspective, the wind power equipment manufacturing industry is mainly concentrated in Denmark, Germany, and Spain in Europe. Its production capacity accounts for about 50% of the world[3]. Technological R&D and innovation capabilities all occupy an absolute dominant position.
Third, foreign-funded enterprises for the main force of China's wind power equipment import and export
From January to August 2013, the foreign-invested enterprises’ total import and export wind power generation equipment was US$19,023,600, accounting for 65.2% of China’s total import and export of wind power equipment. Private and state-owned enterprises accounted for 24.3% and 10.6% respectively. From the perspective of exports, The share of foreign-owned enterprises, Sino-foreign joint ventures, and private enterprises is not big, accounting for 38.1%, 25.9%, and 25.1% of the total import and export volume of wind power equipment in China, showing a three-pronged trend. However, from the point of view of imports, foreign-owned foreign companies are thriving. Imports accounted for 98.6% of the total import and export volume of wind power equipment in China. State-owned enterprises and private enterprises accounted for only 1.2% and 0.2%.
Fourth, general trade is the main mode of import and export of wind power equipment in China
In January-August 2013, China imported and exported wind power generation equipment worth US$17,542,000, which accounted for 59.4% of the total import and export volume of wind power equipment, followed by feed processing trade, with import and export volume of US$99.071 million, accounting for imports and exports. Of the total amount, 33.9%, of which, the export-oriented general trade accounted for 58% of the total export volume of wind power equipment, and the feed processing trade accounted for 35.1%, while the imports were almost all imported by general trade, accounting for as high as 99.8%.
Through the above analysis, we can find that there are great differences in the import and export trade of wind power equipment in China. This difference is determined by the development status of the international and domestic wind power equipment manufacturing industry at this stage. Although the development of China’s wind power equipment manufacturing industry has achieved certain development during the golden period of policy protection, due to the limited domestic demand, blindly expanding production capacity and slow development of core technology innovation, China’s wind power equipment manufacturing industry has experienced serious Overcapacity phenomenon, as the sunrise industry in China's wind power equipment manufacturing industry is facing an embarrassing situation of internal and external problems. When the Chaoyang industry meets with "overcapacity", where do we go? First of all, we must adjust the structure and pay attention to actual results. Cancel over-policy protection of the wind power generation equipment industry, avoid blindly expanding production, output value and efficiency, installed capacity and demand, production capacity and core technologies.
A dumbwaiter is a small freight elevator or lift intended to carry objects rather than people. Dumbwaiters found within modern structures, including both commercial, public and private buildings, are often connected between multiple floors. When installed in restaurants, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, retirement homes or in private homes, the lifts generally terminate in a kitchen.
The term seems to have been popularized in the United States in the 1840s, after the model of earlier "dumbwaiters" now known as serving trays and lazy Susans. The mechanical dumbwaiter was invented by George W. Cannon, a New York City inventor. Cannon first filed for the patent of a brake system (US Patent no. 260776) that could be used for a dumbwaiter on January 6, 1883. Cannon later filed for the patent on the mechanical dumbwaiter (US Patent No. 361268) on February 17, 1887.Cannon reportedly generated a vast amount of royalties from the dumbwaiter patents until his death in 1897.
A simple dumbwaiter is a movable frame in a shaft, dropped by a rope on a pulley, guided by rails; most dumbwaiters have a shaft, cart, and capacity smaller than those of passenger elevators, usually 45 to 450 kg (100 to 1000 lbs.) Before electric motors were added in the 1920s, dumbwaiters were controlled manually by ropes on pulleys.
Early 20th-century codes sometimes required fireproof dumbwaiter walls and self-closing fireproof doors and mention features such as buttons to control movement between floors and locks on doors preventing them from opening unless the cart is stopped at that floor. Dumbwaiter Lifts in London were extremely popular in the houses of the rich and privileged. Maids would use them to deliver laundry to the laundry room from different rooms in the house. They negated the need to carry handfuls of dirty washing through the house, saving time and preventing injury.
A legal complaint about a Manhattan restaurant's dumbwaiter in 1915, which also mentions that food orders are shouted up and down the shaft, describes its operation and limitations as follows:
[There is] ... great play between the cart of the dumb-waiter and the guides on which it runs, with the result that the running of the cart is accompanied by a loud noise. The rope which operates the cart of the dumb-waiter runs in a wheel with a very shallow groove, so that the rope is liable to and does at times slip off. ... The cart has no shock absorbers at the top, so that when it strikes the top of the shaft or wheel there is a loud report. ... [T]he ropes of the dumb-waiter strike such wall at frequent intervals with a loud report. ... [T]he dumb-waiter is often negligently operated, by running it faster than necessary, and by letting it go down with a sudden fall.
More recent dumbwaiters can be more sophisticated, using electric motors, automatic control systems, and custom freight containers of other kinds of elevators. Recently constructed book lifts in libraries and mail or other freight transports in office towers may be larger than many dumbwaiters in public restaurants and private homes, supporting loads as heavy as 450 kg (990lbs)
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