At present, wheat is a large food crop, and the planting area is increasing day by day. Especially since 2004, with the introduction of a series of policies such as national grain subsidies, tax cuts, and tax exemptions, the area planted with wheat has been greatly expanded. Therefore, mastering the fertilizer characteristics of wheat and fertilization techniques in wheat fields can not only achieve the purpose of increasing production and increasing efficiency, but also lay a foundation for high-yield and high-yield production of wheat.
1 Wheat absorption of three factors In agricultural production, generally 100Kg of wheat grain should be applied to pure N3Kg, P is 1~1.5Kg, K is 2~4Kg, that is, the ratio of NPK fertilization is 3:1:3. In practice, according to the volatilization of fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen applied can be doubled, the amount of phosphorus applied is 2 to 4 times that of phosphorus, and the amount of potassium applied is at most 1 times that of potassium. In the whole life of wheat, the amount of nitrogen needed in the early stage is large, and the potassium is needed in the middle stage, but the phosphorus is needed in the later stage. However, the phosphorus fertilizer can not be applied late. The phosphorus absorbed in the early stage can be transferred to the grain, and only in the root part in the later stage. Therefore, the fertilization should pay attention to the seed fertilizer>the bottom fertilizer. > Topdressing. In the topdressing, early chasing is greater than late chasing.
2 Principles of Fertilization 2.1 Adding the most lack of nutrient elements Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can promote the conversion of carbohydrates, transportation and starch synthesis in wheat, and accelerate the filling speed of wheat. However, excessive application can still cause poisoning, resulting in reduced production or even death. Therefore, the most lack of nutrients should be added according to the growth needs of wheat.
2.2 With organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer, it should pay attention to the reasonable combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Adding organic fertilizer can promote root growth and benefit the strong stalk and big ear. However, the effect of organic fertilizer is slow and can not meet the needs of rapid growth of wheat. Therefore, it should be combined with chemical fertilizer to achieve the combination of quick-acting and slow-acting effects, which can meet the needs of rapid growth in the early stage, and lay the foundation for the later large-grain.
2.3 With the base fertilizer as the supplement, it should pay attention to the reasonable combination of the base fertilizer and the top dressing. The farmer said that the "three chasing is not as good as the bottom, the year is not as good as the year, and the year is better than the bottom." The amount of base fertilizer should account for the total amount of fertilization. 60% to 80%, dry and rainy hilly dry land, no shelling can be used without irrigation.
2.4 Pay attention to the soil texture according to local conditions If the sandy soil with light and temperature conditions is suitable, the amount of fertilizer can be increased, and it should be applied in multiple stages. For the field with long growth period and large nutrient consumption, the amount of fertilizer should be increased. When the temperature is low and the light is insufficient, sufficient nitrogen fertilizer can prolong the vegetative growth time, which is unfavorable for reproductive growth. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately controlled, and the potassium fertilizer is relatively increased.
3 Fertilization technology in wheat field 3.1 Fertilizer technology of bottom fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, suitable with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural production generally applies more than 3000Kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 35~40Kg of superphosphate, 25~30Kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Applying cake fertilizer 50-75Kg, the fertilization method can be applied by layered fertilization method, combined with deep tillage, organic fertilizer is applied to the tillage layer, and the fertilizer is applied to the work layer after tillage.
3.2 The use of seed fertilizers Seed fertilizers have a significant effect on promoting root growth and cultivating strong seedlings. Generally used wheat seed dressing, no wheat seed dressing, ammonium sulfate 0.27 ~ 0.33Kg / hectare, urea 0.2 ~ 0.27Kg / hectare, granular ammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer 0.33 ~ 0.67Kg / hectare, ammonium bicarbonate Do not make seed fertilizer, superphosphate can not be used as a fertilizer, if it can be applied to the line.
3.3 Depending on local conditions, seedling fertilization In low-yield fields with insufficient fertilizer, the limited fertilizer should be applied to the maximum effect period, that is, from the beginning to the jointing stage. High-yield fields should be fertilized according to the condition of the seedlings, and the base fertilizer can be applied to the winter fertilizer and the spring fertilizer.
1 Wheat absorption of three factors In agricultural production, generally 100Kg of wheat grain should be applied to pure N3Kg, P is 1~1.5Kg, K is 2~4Kg, that is, the ratio of NPK fertilization is 3:1:3. In practice, according to the volatilization of fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen applied can be doubled, the amount of phosphorus applied is 2 to 4 times that of phosphorus, and the amount of potassium applied is at most 1 times that of potassium. In the whole life of wheat, the amount of nitrogen needed in the early stage is large, and the potassium is needed in the middle stage, but the phosphorus is needed in the later stage. However, the phosphorus fertilizer can not be applied late. The phosphorus absorbed in the early stage can be transferred to the grain, and only in the root part in the later stage. Therefore, the fertilization should pay attention to the seed fertilizer>the bottom fertilizer. > Topdressing. In the topdressing, early chasing is greater than late chasing.
2 Principles of Fertilization 2.1 Adding the most lack of nutrient elements Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can promote the conversion of carbohydrates, transportation and starch synthesis in wheat, and accelerate the filling speed of wheat. However, excessive application can still cause poisoning, resulting in reduced production or even death. Therefore, the most lack of nutrients should be added according to the growth needs of wheat.
2.2 With organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer, it should pay attention to the reasonable combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Adding organic fertilizer can promote root growth and benefit the strong stalk and big ear. However, the effect of organic fertilizer is slow and can not meet the needs of rapid growth of wheat. Therefore, it should be combined with chemical fertilizer to achieve the combination of quick-acting and slow-acting effects, which can meet the needs of rapid growth in the early stage, and lay the foundation for the later large-grain.
2.3 With the base fertilizer as the supplement, it should pay attention to the reasonable combination of the base fertilizer and the top dressing. The farmer said that the "three chasing is not as good as the bottom, the year is not as good as the year, and the year is better than the bottom." The amount of base fertilizer should account for the total amount of fertilization. 60% to 80%, dry and rainy hilly dry land, no shelling can be used without irrigation.
2.4 Pay attention to the soil texture according to local conditions If the sandy soil with light and temperature conditions is suitable, the amount of fertilizer can be increased, and it should be applied in multiple stages. For the field with long growth period and large nutrient consumption, the amount of fertilizer should be increased. When the temperature is low and the light is insufficient, sufficient nitrogen fertilizer can prolong the vegetative growth time, which is unfavorable for reproductive growth. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately controlled, and the potassium fertilizer is relatively increased.
3 Fertilization technology in wheat field 3.1 Fertilizer technology of bottom fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, suitable with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural production generally applies more than 3000Kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 35~40Kg of superphosphate, 25~30Kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Applying cake fertilizer 50-75Kg, the fertilization method can be applied by layered fertilization method, combined with deep tillage, organic fertilizer is applied to the tillage layer, and the fertilizer is applied to the work layer after tillage.
3.2 The use of seed fertilizers Seed fertilizers have a significant effect on promoting root growth and cultivating strong seedlings. Generally used wheat seed dressing, no wheat seed dressing, ammonium sulfate 0.27 ~ 0.33Kg / hectare, urea 0.2 ~ 0.27Kg / hectare, granular ammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer 0.33 ~ 0.67Kg / hectare, ammonium bicarbonate Do not make seed fertilizer, superphosphate can not be used as a fertilizer, if it can be applied to the line.
3.3 Depending on local conditions, seedling fertilization In low-yield fields with insufficient fertilizer, the limited fertilizer should be applied to the maximum effect period, that is, from the beginning to the jointing stage. High-yield fields should be fertilized according to the condition of the seedlings, and the base fertilizer can be applied to the winter fertilizer and the spring fertilizer.
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