In the prevention and control of cucumber pests and diseases, the application method of pesticides is very important. The method is proper, the control effect is good, the number of prevention and treatment is small, the cost is reduced, and the quality of vegetables is high and the yield is high. On the contrary, it causes environmental pollution, pesticide residues in vegetables exceed the standard, pests and diseases produce resistance, and the cost of pesticides increases. In general, it is “appropriate, appropriate, reasonable, symptomatic, unified, safe and efficientâ€.
1, symptomatic medication: only symptomatic medication, in order to receive the appropriate control effect. Different pests and diseases have different characteristics and different medication sites. Such as vegetable downy mildew, gray mold, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, black mold, blue mold and rust, etc., should focus on the back of the spray when spraying; anthracnose, ring disease, leaf blight, leaf rot Disease, etc., should focus on the front of the spray when applying.
2, timely medication: according to the different characteristics of the pest growth period, timely medication. Vegetable pests increase with the age of the insects, and their resistance is also gradually enhanced. The best use period of pesticides and pesticides should be before the 3rd instar larvae. For the drillworms, such as cotton bollworm, carnivorous insect, leafminer, and onion thrips, the eggs should be in the peak period of egg hatching, and the adult can be used. The attractant is trapped and the effect is obvious.
Choose the best medication period based on different climates. The control effect of pesticides is closely related to the temperature, such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, and phoxim. The control effect increases with temperature in a certain temperature range. Such pesticides should be used at higher temperatures; Pyrethroid insecticides such as kung fu, deltamethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, etc., have better control effect at lower temperatures. Such pesticides should be used in the morning and evening; insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and growth regulators with systemic transport function, when the field is weak, the temperature is low, and the relative humidity of the air begins to rise, the agent Less volatilization, better control effect, such agents should be used in the afternoon or evening; microbial pesticides are sensitive to light and humidity, should be used in foggy days.
According to the different infestation hazards of vegetable diseases, choose the best period of drug use. Drug control should be carried out before the disease is heavier and the yield loss is heavier. When a protective fungicide is applied, it should be applied before the pathogen infects the crop. For example, it is more difficult to prevent and control the disease after the onset of vegetable virus disease.
The best time is selected according to the effect of cultivation management after administration. In the winter greenhouse, in order to maintain the temperature of the greenhouse and reduce the humidity of the air, it should be used on a sunny morning or at noon to facilitate the release of air and moisture. Cultivation of open vegetables, avoiding the use of drugs before rain to prevent rain from diluting the liquid.
3. Concentration is appropriate: concentration has a direct relationship with the insecticidal effect of pesticides. The concentration is too low, which affects the efficacy; if the concentration is too high, not only wastes pesticides, increases costs, kills a large number of natural enemies, but also causes pests to develop resistance and even causes vegetables. The phytotoxicity caused a reduction in production. Therefore, according to the toxicity of pesticides and the occurrence of pests, combined with weather conditions and vegetable varieties, a reasonable pesticide concentration can be formulated to be effective.
4. Appropriate use of drugs: prevention and control of underground pests, such as seed dressing, poison bait, poisonous soil, root irrigation, soil treatment and other methods. Prevent seed-borne bacteria, use seeds to treat seeds, soak seeds in warm soup, etc. In the production of protected areas, it is commonly used to spray and ignite aerosols. The smoke method is better than the spray method. The smoke method has the advantages of convenient use, uniform application, good quick effect, timely control, high utilization rate, and no increase in indoor air humidity.
5, alternating medication: long-term use of a pesticide to control a pest or disease, easy to make pests or pathogens to develop resistance, reduce control effects. Alternate use of two or more pesticides with the same or substantially the same control object can improve the control effect and delay the resistance to a certain pesticide.
6. Mixed medicine: When controlling pests and diseases, mixed with two or more kinds of pesticides that can be mixed can enhance the efficacy, reduce the frequency of application, reduce the labor, improve the control effect, expand the scope of prevention and control, and enhance insecticide. The role of sterilization, to overcome and delay the emergence of pest resistance. Mixed pesticides must be based on the maintenance of the active ingredients and good physical properties of the original drug, so as not to cause acute toxicity, or affect the efficacy or synergistic effect.
7. Safe medication: Most pesticides are toxic to humans and animals. The application should be strictly in accordance with the regulations to prevent human and animal poisoning. In the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture shall be strictly followed to ban highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, to prevent contamination of vegetables and the environment, and pollution-free biological pesticides should be used as much as possible.
8. Remedy for phytotoxicity: When phytotoxicity occurs, the leaves are the most seriously damaged. Generally, the leaves are withered, the color fades, and gradually turns yellow-white, accompanied by various dead spots, edge dead coke, tissue perforation, shrinkage Curl, thicken and stiff, and fall off early.
If it is found that the pesticide is sprayed, it should be rinsed 2-3 times with water in time to wash the surface liquid of the plant. The harm caused by alkaline pesticides can be added to the appropriate amount of vinegar in clean water; the damage caused by acidic pesticides can be added with 0.1% quicklime in clean water; the shed can also be ventilated when the weather is suitable, and harmful gases are discharged.
After the leaves and leaves are damaged, they will lose their green color and lose their physiological functions. They should be removed in time to prevent the drug from penetrating and transmitting in the plant, prompting the plants to sprout new shoots and new leaves as soon as possible and restore normal growth.
Increase the water content of cells in the plant, promote metabolism, and reduce the relative content of harmful substances. At the same time, it will dilute the harmful substances accumulated in the roots, promote the growth and development of roots, and alleviate the phytotoxicity.
Spraying foliar fertilizer, such as spraying plant life source, spraying Shibao, plant power 2003, Gaomei Shi, Fenglingling, Yebianbao, BR-120, Lufengsu, Ai Duo and gibberellin, etc. 2 times, it can also play a certain mitigation role.
Cucumber plants are weak against chemicals in the seedling stage and flowering stage, and should be used with caution. At noon at high temperature and drought, due to sufficient sunlight, the water in the liquid sprayed on the cucumber leaves evaporates rapidly, which increases the concentration of the local liquid. At this time, the resistance of cucumber is weak, which is easy to cause phytotoxicity, so spray The time is best chosen at 3-4 pm.
Author: LI Shu-chun
Source: Farmers' practical technical information
1, symptomatic medication: only symptomatic medication, in order to receive the appropriate control effect. Different pests and diseases have different characteristics and different medication sites. Such as vegetable downy mildew, gray mold, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, black mold, blue mold and rust, etc., should focus on the back of the spray when spraying; anthracnose, ring disease, leaf blight, leaf rot Disease, etc., should focus on the front of the spray when applying.
2, timely medication: according to the different characteristics of the pest growth period, timely medication. Vegetable pests increase with the age of the insects, and their resistance is also gradually enhanced. The best use period of pesticides and pesticides should be before the 3rd instar larvae. For the drillworms, such as cotton bollworm, carnivorous insect, leafminer, and onion thrips, the eggs should be in the peak period of egg hatching, and the adult can be used. The attractant is trapped and the effect is obvious.
Choose the best medication period based on different climates. The control effect of pesticides is closely related to the temperature, such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, and phoxim. The control effect increases with temperature in a certain temperature range. Such pesticides should be used at higher temperatures; Pyrethroid insecticides such as kung fu, deltamethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, etc., have better control effect at lower temperatures. Such pesticides should be used in the morning and evening; insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and growth regulators with systemic transport function, when the field is weak, the temperature is low, and the relative humidity of the air begins to rise, the agent Less volatilization, better control effect, such agents should be used in the afternoon or evening; microbial pesticides are sensitive to light and humidity, should be used in foggy days.
According to the different infestation hazards of vegetable diseases, choose the best period of drug use. Drug control should be carried out before the disease is heavier and the yield loss is heavier. When a protective fungicide is applied, it should be applied before the pathogen infects the crop. For example, it is more difficult to prevent and control the disease after the onset of vegetable virus disease.
The best time is selected according to the effect of cultivation management after administration. In the winter greenhouse, in order to maintain the temperature of the greenhouse and reduce the humidity of the air, it should be used on a sunny morning or at noon to facilitate the release of air and moisture. Cultivation of open vegetables, avoiding the use of drugs before rain to prevent rain from diluting the liquid.
3. Concentration is appropriate: concentration has a direct relationship with the insecticidal effect of pesticides. The concentration is too low, which affects the efficacy; if the concentration is too high, not only wastes pesticides, increases costs, kills a large number of natural enemies, but also causes pests to develop resistance and even causes vegetables. The phytotoxicity caused a reduction in production. Therefore, according to the toxicity of pesticides and the occurrence of pests, combined with weather conditions and vegetable varieties, a reasonable pesticide concentration can be formulated to be effective.
4. Appropriate use of drugs: prevention and control of underground pests, such as seed dressing, poison bait, poisonous soil, root irrigation, soil treatment and other methods. Prevent seed-borne bacteria, use seeds to treat seeds, soak seeds in warm soup, etc. In the production of protected areas, it is commonly used to spray and ignite aerosols. The smoke method is better than the spray method. The smoke method has the advantages of convenient use, uniform application, good quick effect, timely control, high utilization rate, and no increase in indoor air humidity.
5, alternating medication: long-term use of a pesticide to control a pest or disease, easy to make pests or pathogens to develop resistance, reduce control effects. Alternate use of two or more pesticides with the same or substantially the same control object can improve the control effect and delay the resistance to a certain pesticide.
6. Mixed medicine: When controlling pests and diseases, mixed with two or more kinds of pesticides that can be mixed can enhance the efficacy, reduce the frequency of application, reduce the labor, improve the control effect, expand the scope of prevention and control, and enhance insecticide. The role of sterilization, to overcome and delay the emergence of pest resistance. Mixed pesticides must be based on the maintenance of the active ingredients and good physical properties of the original drug, so as not to cause acute toxicity, or affect the efficacy or synergistic effect.
7. Safe medication: Most pesticides are toxic to humans and animals. The application should be strictly in accordance with the regulations to prevent human and animal poisoning. In the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture shall be strictly followed to ban highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, to prevent contamination of vegetables and the environment, and pollution-free biological pesticides should be used as much as possible.
8. Remedy for phytotoxicity: When phytotoxicity occurs, the leaves are the most seriously damaged. Generally, the leaves are withered, the color fades, and gradually turns yellow-white, accompanied by various dead spots, edge dead coke, tissue perforation, shrinkage Curl, thicken and stiff, and fall off early.
If it is found that the pesticide is sprayed, it should be rinsed 2-3 times with water in time to wash the surface liquid of the plant. The harm caused by alkaline pesticides can be added to the appropriate amount of vinegar in clean water; the damage caused by acidic pesticides can be added with 0.1% quicklime in clean water; the shed can also be ventilated when the weather is suitable, and harmful gases are discharged.
After the leaves and leaves are damaged, they will lose their green color and lose their physiological functions. They should be removed in time to prevent the drug from penetrating and transmitting in the plant, prompting the plants to sprout new shoots and new leaves as soon as possible and restore normal growth.
Increase the water content of cells in the plant, promote metabolism, and reduce the relative content of harmful substances. At the same time, it will dilute the harmful substances accumulated in the roots, promote the growth and development of roots, and alleviate the phytotoxicity.
Spraying foliar fertilizer, such as spraying plant life source, spraying Shibao, plant power 2003, Gaomei Shi, Fenglingling, Yebianbao, BR-120, Lufengsu, Ai Duo and gibberellin, etc. 2 times, it can also play a certain mitigation role.
Cucumber plants are weak against chemicals in the seedling stage and flowering stage, and should be used with caution. At noon at high temperature and drought, due to sufficient sunlight, the water in the liquid sprayed on the cucumber leaves evaporates rapidly, which increases the concentration of the local liquid. At this time, the resistance of cucumber is weak, which is easy to cause phytotoxicity, so spray The time is best chosen at 3-4 pm.
Author: LI Shu-chun
Source: Farmers' practical technical information
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