Corn is one of the most widely distributed crops in the world. It has a large planting area and a wide distribution in China. Corn top rot is a new disease in China's corn production. The damage is heavy and the potential risk is high. The symptoms are small single ear and insufficient grain. If it is not timely prevented, it will affect the quality and yield of corn, so it is necessary to prevent corn rot at early.
The damage and control methods of corn top rot and the symptoms of corn top rot:
Corn top rot can occur in the whole growth period of corn. It can be subdivided into two cases: Fusarium rot and bacterial top rot. The seedling stage is characterized by slow plant growth, chlorosis at the edge of the leaves, yellow streaks, leaf deformity, shrinkage or distortion, and severe disease withered or Death; in the middle and late stages of growth, the base of the leaves rots, only the main veins are present, the middle and upper parts are intact but many deformed, and the new leaves are rotted at the top, resulting in short leaves, dead leaves or incomplete leaves, and the edges of the leaves often appear like a knife. The nicks and yellow streaks; the adult plants are sick, with different degrees of dwarfing, the top leaves are short, the tissue is broken or the wrinkles are twisted, the base of the stem is short, often there is a worm-like crack, and the longitudinal section shows browning. In the late stage, mildly susceptible plants can be stalked, but the ears are small and not strong. The roots of susceptible plants are underdeveloped, the main roots are short, the root hairs are numerous and finely velvety, and the root crowns are rotted and browned. When the humidity in the field is high, there is a powdery white mold in the diseased part. The symptoms of corn top rot are complex and diverse. Some symptoms are similar to those of corn physiological diseases, insect pests and corn smut, which are easy to be confused. Therefore, special attention should be paid to diagnosis and prevention.
In addition to infesting corn, maize top rot bacteria also infect grasses such as sorghum, sudangrass, millet, wheat, rice, and pearl millet, as well as weeds such as foxtail and crabgrass. Corn top rot is a soil-inhabited bacterium, and the seeds can be spread over long distances. The pathogens have the ability to infect and re-infect the bacteria. Compared with other diseases of corn, the damage of corn top rot is more serious and potentially dangerous. Bigger.
Prevention and control of corn top rot:
1. Breeding resistant varieties. There is a difference in disease resistance between varieties. In production, planting resistant varieties can control the occurrence of top rot.
2. Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, there is a choice of chemical control. Commonly used agents are 50% carbendazim WP, 75% chlorothalonil WP, 80% mancozeb WP, and water spray.
3. Cut off the diseased leaves. For the heavier diseased plants whose corn heart has been twisted and rotted, the leaves above the tassels can be cut with scissors to facilitate the normal spit of the tassel, and the cut disease leaves are taken out of the field for deep burial treatment.
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