Abstract Recently, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) held the “Thinking the World†summit in Sydney, Australia. Speakers from all over the world showed a variety of ideas, some of which have been implemented, and some are just papers. but not...
Recently, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) held the “Thinking the World†summit in Sydney, Australia. Speakers from all over the world showed a variety of ideas, some of which have been implemented, and some are just papers. But no matter what, the purpose of these ideas is the same: to provide people with a more livable and beautiful new world. Super hard nano diamond potential
Natalia Dubrovskaya of Bayreuth University in Germany has developed a new type of superhard nano-diamond that can withstand three times the pressure of the Earth's core pressure. This nano-diamond is powdery, has a strong adsorption, can be combined with active substances, and is easily absorbed by the skin, and is expected to make a big impact in the cosmetics industry.
In addition, although diamond can be made into jewelry, most diamonds are made into a super-hard coating after processing, wrapping the tool and the drill bit to reduce wear. In the mining and petroleum industries, without the diamond bit, people can't dig into the underground hundreds of meters to get valuable resources. Superhard coatings are used in a wide range of applications, from high-speed cutting machines to deep-sea drilling to natural gas and oil exploration.
The medical community has also begun to study its use, for example, it can bring drugs into some parts of the body that are difficult to reach with chemotherapy. In addition, scientists have found that this nano-diamond can even promote the development of bones and cartilage.
Hypersonic aircraft for space launch
Elon Musk's reusable rockets are attracting attention, but other scientists still hope to launch satellites in a lower cost and more efficient way. Hypersonic jets are one of them. Hypersonic flight refers to a flight with a speed of more than 5 times the speed of sound (Mach 5).
Michael Smat, a hypersonic expert at the University of Queensland in Australia, said that he is currently conducting a hypersonic international flight research trial (HIFiRE) with the goal of developing an engine that can fly at speeds of Mach 7. The engine uses oxygen in the atmosphere as an oxidant, which is lighter and faster than a rocket engine.
This technology allows people to fly around the world at an extremely fast rate, while also providing an alternative to rockets to send satellites into space.
The Australian Defense Department said that in the mid-to-late flight test in mid-May this year, the aircraft reached a height of 278 kilometers and a speed of 7.5 Mach. The next experiment is planned for 2017, when the hypersonic ramjet and rocket propellers will be separated and the aircraft will fly alone. The entire project is expected to be completed in 2018.
Star "Noah's Ark"
If we need to travel to Mars or further afield, it will be uncomfortable to stay in a metal box for a long time. Rachel Armstrong of Newcastle University in the United Kingdom proposed that in order to achieve interplanetary flight, we should consider using the vegetables, soil, organic matter, etc., to make the space shuttle close to the Earth's environment and ecology, just like a mini version of the Earth. An organization called Icarus Interstellar said the space shuttle is a small ecosystem like Noah's Ark, providing an environment that sustains living without relying on external supplies. When necessary, it may act as a modern version of Noah's Ark, helping humans escape global disasters, which may help scientists develop space shuttles that are very different from existing ones.
Cultivate miniature human brains in the laboratory
Scientists are using human skin cells to grow brain tissue in culture dishes. These miniature human brains have all the components of nerve cells, cortex, and hippocampus (which are thought to be part of the center of emotion and memory). Scientists hope to make use of it. These miniature human brains better understand various neurological diseases including autism and psychosis.
In 2015, the research team at Ohio State University reported that they had developed a “micro-human brain†called “organs†in the laboratory, which is equivalent to a 5-week fetal brain maturity level. The programmed skin cells are bred. The human brain has been grown for 12 weeks in a uterine environment-cultivating device. It is currently only as large as an eraser. Its function is very similar to that of a real human brain. It not only has neurons, supporting cells and immune cells, but also has fetal brain 99%. Gene expression, embryonic morphology of the spinal cord and eyes. Doctors hope to use this human brain to test and develop new drugs and better understand the pathogenesis of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
According to media reports, Singapore scientists in the laboratory in August this year developed a miniature human midbrain, these micro-middle brain is a three-dimensional micro-tissue cultivated by scientists in the laboratory, with some properties of specific parts of the human brain, will help Researchers have developed new methods for treating and controlling Parkinson's disease and brain diseases associated with human aging. This is a key breakthrough for Parkinson's Syndrome research, or it will affect 7 million to 10 million patients worldwide.
Use nuclear fusion to get clean energy
At present, some large international teams are studying how to use nuclear fusion to obtain energy, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) program, but small companies are not to be outdone.
The fusion of nuclear fusion energy startups, funded by Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, is looking for its own way to harness nuclear fusion. The company's idea is to constrain the hydrogen isotope plasma in a magnetic field by using two hybrid fusion techniques, magnetic and inertial confinement, and then use high pressure to produce high temperatures and high densities. This method can compress the target more slowly, and this technique of providing compression energy is less expensive than laser. Volkswagen Fusion said that the company can not only obtain constrained nuclear energy, but also control the cost to less than $1 billion.
Coincidentally, California-based startup San Alpha Energy called its reactor design "field reversal configuration", and the "field reversal configuration" is more similar to the Tokamak reactor than the Volkswagen Fusion equipment: it Fusion is achieved using magnetic confinement and heating instead of compression. Its energy output is also continuous rather than intermittent. Compared to the tokamak device, the engineering design of the "field reverse configuration" is simpler. But from a physics perspective, this technology is still far from mature.
The next generation of drugs or hidden in the Arctic seabed
Antibiotic resistance is evolving into a nightmare in our time, and we have to fight cancer and heart disease. The lack of new drugs is a common crisis facing all mankind. A research team at the University of Trossom in Norway believes that the next generation of drugs may be hidden above the seabed of the Arctic.
At present, they are looking for new molecular weapons in the Arctic sea. They have found some sea squirts, bryozoa, sponges, microalgae, etc. Although these seabeds are not amazing, they may have great development prospects in drug development because they Some of the evolved chemicals have a very magical effect. In addition, these creatures have a strong ability to withstand cold, so they become the "sweet" of scientific research.
"Bionic spinal cord" that controls prosthetics
The trouble with controlling the machine with thought is that in order to obtain ultra-precise control, the skull must be removed and the device implanted in the brain, which may cause damage to the brain. Now, Nicholas Opel and colleagues at the University of Melbourne in Australia have invented a simple and non-invasive device called “Stentrodeâ€.
The device is very small, and the biggest advantage is that it does not require craniotomy. After the blood vessels are implanted near the brain, it will automatically flow through the blood vessels to the brain in one day. It records brain activity and translates the message into electronic instructions. Stentrode is described as a “bionic spinal cord†and tests have shown that it can control prosthetic limbs.
The doctor also said that after people use it, they can use the idea to drive the wheelchair and help the deaf. The study was funded by several organizations, including the Australian Defense Health Foundation and the US Department of Defense. The research team plans to implant devices for a small number of patients at Royal Melbourne Hospital next year.
Terry O'Bayern, director of the Royal Melbourne Hospital and a professor at the University of Melbourne, said the device is the "Holy Grail" of bionics. Designing a device that records brain activity without causing damage is a great invention of modern medicine. It may also be used for a variety of diseases caused by spinal cord injuries, including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and neurological diseases.
Space umbrellas for global warming
If the climate warming situation worsens, some people believe that we may need to “enlarge the moveâ€.
Researchers at Stanford University in the United States have come up with a bold solution to install a "space umbrella" for the entire planet at Lagrange Point to block sunlight. Here, the object is subjected to the gravitational force of the two celestial bodies of the sun and the earth, and can remain relatively static.
There are still many controversies about this idea, but recent studies have shown that it is hopeful that the heat generated by the greenhouse effect will be refraction by refracting sunlight reaching the Earth's surface. In addition, the “space parasol†is environmentally friendly, easy to control, and is expected to minimize side effects, making it an attractive option.
At present, several organizations, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Royal Society, have analyzed the feasibility of this program, but the cost is too high and is unlikely to be implemented in the near future.
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