Rapeseed soil testing and formula fertilization technology

There are two types of rapeseed, namely, cabbage and cabbage. The absorption ratios of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) are different. Generally, the cabbage type is 1:0.42:1.4, and the cabbage type is 1:0.44: 1.1, the amount of cabbage-type fertilizer is generally more than 30% higher than cabbage type, the yield is more than 50%, and the potassium content of Brassica napus is obviously higher than that of cabbage. The following mainly describes the fertilizer requirement and fertilization techniques of Brassica napus L. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Brassica napus L. had different differences in different growth stages. The sowing-seed period accounted for 13.4%, 6.4% and 12.3% of the total absorption, respectively, and the total absorption in seedling stage to bolting stage respectively. 34.4%, 28.0%, 37.6%, the bolting period to the initial pod stage accounted for 27.2%, 24.8%, 28.9% of the total absorption, respectively, and the initial pod-to maturity period accounted for 25.0% and 40.8% of the total absorption, respectively. 21.2%. According to the characteristics of growth and development of rapeseed and its fertilizer requirement, 150 kg of rapeseed per mu is produced in production practice. Generally, it is required to apply 500-1000 kg of pig manure, 40-50 kg of calcium-magnesium phosphate, 15-20 kg of potassium fertilizer, and urea. 25 to 30 kg, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer, and 1.0 kg of zinc fertilizer. The specific fertilization methods are as follows:

1. Apply the seedbed fertilizer. The seedbed fertilization must first apply the base fertilizer. The specific method is to apply 200 kg to 300 kg of decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer per plant before the planting, and 2 kg of urea, 5 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of potassium chloride, and fertilizer. The soil (10 cm to 15 cm thick) is mixed and sown. Combine the seedlings and the seedlings, topdressing 1 or 2 times, topdressing is mainly based on human and animal excrement, and pay attention to the combination of fertilizer and water to ensure the transplanting of strong seedlings. The boron fertilizer can be sprayed once before transplanting, the concentration is 0.2%.

2. Apply enough base fertilizer. The general principle of base fertilizer application is “the quantity must be sufficient, the variety should be complete, and the time should be right”. Applying base fertilizer 1 day before the transplanting of rapeseed, generally use 500-1000 kg of pig manure, 40-50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 15-20 kg of urea, 7-10 kg of potassium fertilizer, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer 1.0 kg mixed and evenly applied.

Before the fertilization, the various fertilizers should be thoroughly mixed evenly. This mixing process is the process of making the special fertilizer for the rapeseed. The specific method is: first mix a large amount of elemental fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and then add trace element fertilizer (boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer). During the mixing process of fertilizer, urea may react with superphosphate to seep. Therefore, when the superphosphate is used for phosphate fertilizer, the superphosphate may be finally mixed or applied separately. After the fertilizer is mixed, it should be used immediately, that is, it can be used with it. After the fertilizer is applied, it is necessary to cover the soil to prevent nitrogen loss.

After the base fertilizer is applied, the rapeseed seedlings can be transplanted. When transplanting, it is not appropriate to directly plant the rapeseed on the fertilization point. It is strictly forbidden to contact the fertilizer with the roots of the rapeseed seedlings, so as to avoid the phenomenon of burning seedlings and dead seedlings.

3. Apply topdressing. The rapeseed topdressing is generally divided into two.

The first top dressing was carried out about 50 days after transplanting, that is, before the rapeseed seedlings entered the wintering period, the urea was applied 4-6 kg/mu and the potassium chloride was 4.0-5.0 kg/mu. The fertilization method is to combine soil cultivation with cultivating. If no cultivating is carried out, a small ditch of 10 cm deep may be opened between the rows, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, and the soil is covered after fertilization.

The second top dressing was applied in the moss stage after the Spring, and the application of urea was 4.0-6.0 kg and the potassium chloride was 4.0-5.0 kg. Since the rapeseed has been sealed at this time, the operation is inconvenient, and only the surface can be applied. Be sure to spread evenly. It is best to choose to apply before the rain.

4. Spraying foliar fertilizer: After the full bloom period, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in time to promote the photosynthesis of functional leaves. Can be combined with drugs, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-2% urea solution every other week for 2 times, the base fertilizer does not apply the field of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, should be sprayed together with foliar fertilizer, Use 0.2% borax and 0.2% zinc sulfate solution.
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