Welding process
The method of welding by using electric resistance generated by electric current slag is called electroslag welding, and FIG. 4-19 is a schematic diagram of electroslag welding process. Before the welding, the workpiece is placed vertically, leaving a gap of about 20-40 mm between the two workpieces, a welding groove is arranged at the lower end of the workpiece, the upper end is equipped with a lead-out plate, and water cooling is performed on both sides of the workpiece with forced weld forming. Forming device. When starting welding. Short-circuit the welding wire with the welding groove, continuously add a small amount of solid flux, and use the heat of the arc to melt it to form liquid slag. When the slag pool reaches a certain depth, increase the wire feeding speed and reduce the welding voltage, so that the welding wire Insert into the slag pool, the arc is extinguished and transferred to the electroslag welding process.
2. Features and applications
(1) It is possible to weld a very thick workpiece at a time, thereby improving the welding productivity. The thickness of the welded plate is about 13~500mm. Thick workpieces do not require a bevel.
2) Welding in the vertical welding position is generally not easy to produce defects such as pores and slag inclusions. For the welding of easily quenched steel grades, the possibility of quenching cracks in the near seam area is reduced.
(3) It has special significance for adjusting the chemical composition of the weld metal and reducing harmful impurities.
However, it is easy to cause coarse grains, resulting in overheated structure, resulting in reduced impact toughness of the welded joint. Therefore, normal steel or tempering heat treatment is generally required for some steel types after welding.
Electroslag welding is mainly used for the welding of steel or iron-based metals. It is generally preferred to weld metal materials with a thickness of 30 mm or more.
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