In high-yield and high-quality agricultural production, people not only care about production, but also care about the nutritional quality of agricultural products. Among the three elements of fertilizer, NPK, potassium is often referred to as the “quality factor†of crops. This reflects the important impact of potassium on the nutritional quality of crops. In production practice, crops are often found to be adversely affected by potassium deficiency, photosynthesis, respiration, mass transfer and many enzyme system functions. Not only will crop yields decrease, but the quality of agricultural products will also decline.
Scientific research has found that genetic factors play a major role in the potential of quality. The combination of production management and good environmental factors contributes to the maximum potential of quality, but the causal relationship is more complicated. Many studies and evaluations have been done on the relationship between potassium and crop quality at home and abroad. Here is an example of oil crops and high protein crops.
Some people have always thought that the yield of oil crops is positively correlated with the oil content. In fact, this is not the case. There are many factors such as breeding, temperature, moisture and fertilization that can change the oil content, fat composition and protein content of the seeds.
The effects of different fertilizers on the protein and oil content of soybeans are different. There is an inverse correlation between oil and protein content in soybean seeds. Increasing nitrogen application will reduce the oil content. When phosphorus and potassium are added, the oil content will increase.
When the nitrogen fertilizer increased to a higher level, the oil content of the seed decreased slightly, but with the increase of potassium fertilizer application, the oil content increased gradually. At the same time, the most significant effect of balanced nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application was to increase the oil menu. Seed yield. Sunflower sunflower requires a lot of potassium, and it takes about 200 kilograms of potassium to produce one ton of seed. Especially in the sandy loam with low potassium content, the application of potassium fertilizer can significantly increase seed yield, oil content and total oil production. The plot test under irrigation conditions showed that when the nitrogen application rate was constant at 13.4 kg/mu and the potassium application rate was increased from 0 to 14.8 kg/mu, the seed and oil production almost doubled. As the potash fertilizer increases, the size of the sunflower disk and its seeds also increases.
Oil palm and coconut are the major oil-producing plants in the tropics and subtropics. They produce a high amount of oil per hectare. They require a large amount of potassium, but tropical soils contain low levels of potassium. For example, in the south of unsaturated ferro-aluminum, chlorine The optimum annual application rate of potassium is usually 13 to 33 kg/mu. In this range, generally 6 to 14 tons of oil palm ear (1.2 to 2.8 tons of oil) can be obtained per 1 ton of potassium chloride. When the amount of potassium applied per tree per year increased from 0 to 7 kg of potassium chloride, the weight of the oil palm ear increased by 15%, but the oil content decreased by 2%. It indicates that potassium application has a negative effect on oil content. However, potassium application can increase the amount of oil palm fruit and increase the total oil production.
Coconut trees have stronger ability to obtain potassium and other mineral nutrients from the soil than palm trees, and potassium is also the most effective fertilizer for it. In the Ivory Coast test, 1.5 kg of potassium chloride was applied to each of the 5th-year-old coconut trees, and the copra meat could be increased by 1 time, and the oil production was also increased accordingly.
As can be seen from the above test cases, potassium seems to have the greatest impact on the biosynthesis of oils and fats. The main contribution of potash is to increase production and thus increase oil production per hectare. As for the increase in grain and fruit yield of oil crops, the increase in oil content is not necessarily the same. This inference is more misleading, especially when nitrogen is applied in large quantities, because protein content and oil content are usually negatively correlated. Moreover, the effect of potassium fertilizer on fatty acid composition is less than that produced by genetic attributes.
High-protein crops require more potassium than normal crops, such as about 22.7 kilograms of potassium removed from the soil for every ton of harvest. These crops have three common characteristics: 1. High protein yield. The potassium content in the crop is highly positively correlated with the protein content. Not only does the grain contain high concentrations of potassium, but most of the potassium is bound to the protein, so high protein crops have a higher potassium harvest index (potassium in the harvest). Quantity). The reason is that such crops can more efficiently transfer potassium into the developing seed, and potassium participates in the transport of nitrogen in protein synthesis. 2. Potassium is beneficial to the stability of protein structure. Most of the storage proteins in the seeds are rich in acidic amino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Potassium balances these two anionic amino acids. 3. The effect of high concentration of potassium can also promote the activity of protein synthesis organs.
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