The method of simply identifying the authenticity of fertilizers is summarized as five words: “look, touch, smell, burn, and wetâ€.
one look:
(1) Identification from the package:
1. Check the mark. The relevant state departments stipulate that the product name, nutrient content, grade, trademark, net weight, standard code, factory name, factory address, production license number and other signs must be indicated on the fertilizer packaging bag; if the above marks are not or incomplete, it may be false. Fertilizer or inferior fertilizer.
2. Check the bag seal. Special attention should be paid to chemical fertilizers with obvious unsealing marks on the packaging bag closure. This fertilizer may be adulterated.
(2) Identification from shape and color:
Nitrogen fertilizer (except lime nitrogen) and potassium fertilizer are mostly crystalline; phosphate fertilizer is mostly block or powdery amorphous, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is powdery, superphosphate is mostly porous, massive: high quality compound fertilizer granularity and specific gravity More uniform, smooth surface, not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. Such as: Russian-made three-element compound fertilizer (16 * 16 * 16) and the United States diammonium. On the contrary, the fertilizer particles are uneven in size, rough, humid, and easy to agglomerate.
Different fertilizers have their own unique colors. Nitrogen fertilizer is almost all white except lime nitrogen, some are slightly yellowish brown or light blue (except for adding other ingredients); potassium fertilizer is white or slightly reddish, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate is white; Phosphate fertilizer is mostly dark gray, such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate is gray, diammonium phosphate is brown, etc., farmers can make a rough distinction.
Second, touch: Put the fertilizer in the palm of your hand, hold it firmly or press it to turn it, and judge the fertilizer according to the hand feeling. Using this method, it is more effective to distinguish the diammonium in the United States. Grasp a handful of fertilizer and hold it several times. If there is a "wet" feeling, it is genuine, and if it is dry, it is likely to be impersonated with a flip-chip compound fertilizer. In addition, the use of fly ash as a phosphate fertilizer can also be easily judged by "feel".
Third, sniffing: simple judgment by the special smell of fertilizer. For example, ammonium bicarbonate has a strong ammonia odor; ammonium sulfate is slightly sour; superphosphate has a sour taste. The fake and inferior fertilizers are not obvious. If the superphosphate has a very pungent and sour taste, it means that the waste sulfuric acid is likely to be used in the production process. This inferior chemical fertilizer is highly toxic and can easily damage or burn the crop.
4. Burning: The fertilizer sample is heated or burned, and the fertilizer is identified from the color of the flame, the melting condition, the smell of the smoke, and the residue.
(1) Nitrogen fertilizer ammonium bicarbonate, directly decomposed, a large amount of white smoke occurs, has a strong ammonia smell, no residue; ammonium chloride, direct decomposition or sublimation occurs a large amount of white smoke, has a strong ammonia and sour taste, no residue Urea, can melt quickly, emit white smoke, can burn in charcoal fire, or take a glass sheet to contact white smoke, can see a layer of white crystals attached to the glass sheet; ammonium nitrate, does not burn but melts and appears boiled , there is smoke with ammonia smell.
(2) Phosphate fertilizer superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder, etc. have no change on red charcoal; bone powder quickly turns black, and emits burnt smell.
(3) Potassium fertilizer Potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, etc. have no change on the red charcoal, and a squeaking sound is heard.
(4) Combustion of compound fertilizers is closely related to its constituent materials. When there is ammonia nitrogen or amido nitrogen in the raw materials, it will emit strong ammonia smell and a large amount of residue.
5. Add water to dissolve the identification method: Take 1 g of chemical fertilizer, put it in a clean glass tube (or glass, white porcelain bowl), add 10 mg of distilled water (or clean cold water), shake it thoroughly to see its dissolution. All dissolved in nitrogen or potassium fertilizer, soluble in water but with residue is superphosphate; soluble in water without residue or residue is heavy superphosphate; soluble in water but with greater ammonia smell is ammonium bicarbonate ; insoluble in water, but there is a bubble of chlorine and the smell of calcium carbide is lime nitrogen.
(Qualification identification: When identifying calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the two fertilizers are taken out a little, dissolved in a small amount of distilled water, and identified by a wide pH test paper. The acidity is superphosphate, and the neutral is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. .
When identifying potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, 5% barium chloride solution can be added to produce white precipitated potassium sulfate; when 1% silver nitrate is added, white floc is produced as potassium chloride)
The last thing to remind is that some fertilizers are true, but the content is very low, such as superphosphate, the effective phosphorus content is less than 8% (the minimum standard should be 12%), it is inferior fertilizer, and it has little effect on crops. If this happens, you can collect some samples (about 500 grams) and send them to the local agricultural, chemical or standard departments for identification of true and false fertilizers.
Identification of true and false compound fertilizer
At first glance, the packaging of high-quality compound fertilizer is clear, with registered trademarks, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are indicated. The fertilizer in the bag is mostly red granules, and a few are white, the particles are uniform, the powder is less, and there is no large lumps. The fake and inferior compound fertilizer is poor in particle size, mostly powdery, and the color is gray or black. The compound fertilizer is mostly red granules, and a few of them are white granules due to the use of white potassium chloride as a raw material. Particles of size 1--4 mm account for more than 90%. Counterfeit compound fertilizer is poor in particle size, mostly powdery, gray or black
Second hand grab a little compound fertilizer on the palm of your hand, leaving a layer of white powder on your hand, accompanied by a sticky feeling. If you break the particles, you can see the fine white crystal as a high-quality compound fertilizer. The inferior compound fertilizer is mostly black powder, has no stickiness, and has no white crystals in the particles.
The three-burning compound fertilizer is placed on the head of a burning or burning cigarette on red charcoal. It will melt immediately and have a foamy shape. At the same time, ammonia will be released and a purple flame will appear. The stronger the ammonia smell, the longer the purple flame, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. The counterfeit compound fertilizer does not melt or melt a very small part.
The four-soluble compound fertilizer has good solubility. Put a few compound fertilizers into the container, add a small amount of water, stir quickly, and the particles will dissolve rapidly. The faster the melting, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. The fake and inferior compound fertilizer has poor solubility and does not dissolve or dissolve a little after being stirred in water, leaving a large amount of rough and hard residue.
Precautions for purchasing fertilizer
First, the farmers are reminded to choose the products of the formal enterprises when purchasing fertilizers, and to purchase them in the sales offices of legitimate enterprises or legal distribution units.
Second, when purchasing fertilizer, check the fertilizer packaging label. Pay special attention to check whether there is a production license, product standard number, agricultural registration certificate number, check the product quality certificate or certificate, and the production date and batch number, producer or The name and address of the distributor must have instructions for use.
Third, the fertilizer product label should be clearly defined, and words with untrue or exaggerated nature, such as “Fat King†and “All Elementsâ€, are not allowed. The selected fertilizer product should have a uniform appearance and no agglomeration, and do not purchase bulk products.
Fourth, the purchase of fertilizers requires receipts (invoices), credit cards, and fertilizer packaging after fertilizer application, so as to be used as evidence and basis for claims in the event of a dispute.
Fifth, based on the price of raw materials and production cost, the price of the product will vary within a certain range. The compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 25% will cost 1,000 yuan/ton to 1100 yuan/ton; the total nutrient content is 30. % of compound fertilizer, the price is 1100 yuan / ton ~ 1150 yuan / ton; the total nutrient content of 45% compound fertilizer, the price is 1700 yuan / ton ~ 1800 yuan / ton; on average, for each additional nutrient content, the price increases 30 yuan ~ 40 yuan. When farmers buy fertilizers, don't try to buy cheap fertilizers and buy low-priced fertilizers.
Reasonable fertilization of corn
Corn fertilization should be based on the soil fertility and the quantity and proportion of various nutrients required for the theoretical yield of the variety to carry out soil testing and formula fertilization.
First, the rational use of agricultural fertilizer, 20-30 cubic meters of agricultural fertilizer per hectare, hectares can increase the production of 450-600 kg of corn.
Second, the scientific application of fertilizer. By adopting reasonable matching of N, P and K, it can increase production by 750-2000 kg. On medium-fertile plots, apply pure N135-160 kg per hectare, pure P75 kg, pure K100 kg (equivalent to 6-7 bags of urea, 3 bags of diammonium, 2 bags of potassium sulfate plus 10 kg of zinc sulfate; or 6 Bags N, P, and K each contain 15% of three-element compound fertilizer, 1 bag of diammonium, 5 bags of urea plus 10 kg of zinc sulfate).
Third, fertilization technology. The scientific fertilization technology is suitable for the application of fertilizers in stages.
1, phosphate fertilizer. 2/3 to make the base fertilizer (2 bags of diammonium), 1/3 to make the mouth fertilizer (1 bag of diammonium).
2. Nitrogen fertilizer. Base fertilizer, 2 bags of diammonium plus 2 bags of urea. Topdressing, in the jointing stage, the total number of leaves of the mid-maturing variety is 17-19 pieces, 30% of the leaves are fully deployed (5 pieces of unfolded leaves, 10 pieces of visible leaves), and 3-4 bags of urea per hectare.
3, potash fertilizer. 2/3 is the base fertilizer and 1/3 is the top dressing.
4, zinc fertilizer. All do the base fertilizer.
5, topdressing. To deep application, it is advisable to leave the corn plant 10-20cm, usually in the furrow, and cover the soil about 10cm.
one look:
(1) Identification from the package:
1. Check the mark. The relevant state departments stipulate that the product name, nutrient content, grade, trademark, net weight, standard code, factory name, factory address, production license number and other signs must be indicated on the fertilizer packaging bag; if the above marks are not or incomplete, it may be false. Fertilizer or inferior fertilizer.
2. Check the bag seal. Special attention should be paid to chemical fertilizers with obvious unsealing marks on the packaging bag closure. This fertilizer may be adulterated.
(2) Identification from shape and color:
Nitrogen fertilizer (except lime nitrogen) and potassium fertilizer are mostly crystalline; phosphate fertilizer is mostly block or powdery amorphous, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is powdery, superphosphate is mostly porous, massive: high quality compound fertilizer granularity and specific gravity More uniform, smooth surface, not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. Such as: Russian-made three-element compound fertilizer (16 * 16 * 16) and the United States diammonium. On the contrary, the fertilizer particles are uneven in size, rough, humid, and easy to agglomerate.
Different fertilizers have their own unique colors. Nitrogen fertilizer is almost all white except lime nitrogen, some are slightly yellowish brown or light blue (except for adding other ingredients); potassium fertilizer is white or slightly reddish, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate is white; Phosphate fertilizer is mostly dark gray, such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate is gray, diammonium phosphate is brown, etc., farmers can make a rough distinction.
Second, touch: Put the fertilizer in the palm of your hand, hold it firmly or press it to turn it, and judge the fertilizer according to the hand feeling. Using this method, it is more effective to distinguish the diammonium in the United States. Grasp a handful of fertilizer and hold it several times. If there is a "wet" feeling, it is genuine, and if it is dry, it is likely to be impersonated with a flip-chip compound fertilizer. In addition, the use of fly ash as a phosphate fertilizer can also be easily judged by "feel".
Third, sniffing: simple judgment by the special smell of fertilizer. For example, ammonium bicarbonate has a strong ammonia odor; ammonium sulfate is slightly sour; superphosphate has a sour taste. The fake and inferior fertilizers are not obvious. If the superphosphate has a very pungent and sour taste, it means that the waste sulfuric acid is likely to be used in the production process. This inferior chemical fertilizer is highly toxic and can easily damage or burn the crop.
4. Burning: The fertilizer sample is heated or burned, and the fertilizer is identified from the color of the flame, the melting condition, the smell of the smoke, and the residue.
(1) Nitrogen fertilizer ammonium bicarbonate, directly decomposed, a large amount of white smoke occurs, has a strong ammonia smell, no residue; ammonium chloride, direct decomposition or sublimation occurs a large amount of white smoke, has a strong ammonia and sour taste, no residue Urea, can melt quickly, emit white smoke, can burn in charcoal fire, or take a glass sheet to contact white smoke, can see a layer of white crystals attached to the glass sheet; ammonium nitrate, does not burn but melts and appears boiled , there is smoke with ammonia smell.
(2) Phosphate fertilizer superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder, etc. have no change on red charcoal; bone powder quickly turns black, and emits burnt smell.
(3) Potassium fertilizer Potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, etc. have no change on the red charcoal, and a squeaking sound is heard.
(4) Combustion of compound fertilizers is closely related to its constituent materials. When there is ammonia nitrogen or amido nitrogen in the raw materials, it will emit strong ammonia smell and a large amount of residue.
5. Add water to dissolve the identification method: Take 1 g of chemical fertilizer, put it in a clean glass tube (or glass, white porcelain bowl), add 10 mg of distilled water (or clean cold water), shake it thoroughly to see its dissolution. All dissolved in nitrogen or potassium fertilizer, soluble in water but with residue is superphosphate; soluble in water without residue or residue is heavy superphosphate; soluble in water but with greater ammonia smell is ammonium bicarbonate ; insoluble in water, but there is a bubble of chlorine and the smell of calcium carbide is lime nitrogen.
(Qualification identification: When identifying calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the two fertilizers are taken out a little, dissolved in a small amount of distilled water, and identified by a wide pH test paper. The acidity is superphosphate, and the neutral is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. .
When identifying potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, 5% barium chloride solution can be added to produce white precipitated potassium sulfate; when 1% silver nitrate is added, white floc is produced as potassium chloride)
The last thing to remind is that some fertilizers are true, but the content is very low, such as superphosphate, the effective phosphorus content is less than 8% (the minimum standard should be 12%), it is inferior fertilizer, and it has little effect on crops. If this happens, you can collect some samples (about 500 grams) and send them to the local agricultural, chemical or standard departments for identification of true and false fertilizers.
Identification of true and false compound fertilizer
At first glance, the packaging of high-quality compound fertilizer is clear, with registered trademarks, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are indicated. The fertilizer in the bag is mostly red granules, and a few are white, the particles are uniform, the powder is less, and there is no large lumps. The fake and inferior compound fertilizer is poor in particle size, mostly powdery, and the color is gray or black. The compound fertilizer is mostly red granules, and a few of them are white granules due to the use of white potassium chloride as a raw material. Particles of size 1--4 mm account for more than 90%. Counterfeit compound fertilizer is poor in particle size, mostly powdery, gray or black
Second hand grab a little compound fertilizer on the palm of your hand, leaving a layer of white powder on your hand, accompanied by a sticky feeling. If you break the particles, you can see the fine white crystal as a high-quality compound fertilizer. The inferior compound fertilizer is mostly black powder, has no stickiness, and has no white crystals in the particles.
The three-burning compound fertilizer is placed on the head of a burning or burning cigarette on red charcoal. It will melt immediately and have a foamy shape. At the same time, ammonia will be released and a purple flame will appear. The stronger the ammonia smell, the longer the purple flame, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. The counterfeit compound fertilizer does not melt or melt a very small part.
The four-soluble compound fertilizer has good solubility. Put a few compound fertilizers into the container, add a small amount of water, stir quickly, and the particles will dissolve rapidly. The faster the melting, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. The fake and inferior compound fertilizer has poor solubility and does not dissolve or dissolve a little after being stirred in water, leaving a large amount of rough and hard residue.
Precautions for purchasing fertilizer
First, the farmers are reminded to choose the products of the formal enterprises when purchasing fertilizers, and to purchase them in the sales offices of legitimate enterprises or legal distribution units.
Second, when purchasing fertilizer, check the fertilizer packaging label. Pay special attention to check whether there is a production license, product standard number, agricultural registration certificate number, check the product quality certificate or certificate, and the production date and batch number, producer or The name and address of the distributor must have instructions for use.
Third, the fertilizer product label should be clearly defined, and words with untrue or exaggerated nature, such as “Fat King†and “All Elementsâ€, are not allowed. The selected fertilizer product should have a uniform appearance and no agglomeration, and do not purchase bulk products.
Fourth, the purchase of fertilizers requires receipts (invoices), credit cards, and fertilizer packaging after fertilizer application, so as to be used as evidence and basis for claims in the event of a dispute.
Fifth, based on the price of raw materials and production cost, the price of the product will vary within a certain range. The compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 25% will cost 1,000 yuan/ton to 1100 yuan/ton; the total nutrient content is 30. % of compound fertilizer, the price is 1100 yuan / ton ~ 1150 yuan / ton; the total nutrient content of 45% compound fertilizer, the price is 1700 yuan / ton ~ 1800 yuan / ton; on average, for each additional nutrient content, the price increases 30 yuan ~ 40 yuan. When farmers buy fertilizers, don't try to buy cheap fertilizers and buy low-priced fertilizers.
Reasonable fertilization of corn
Corn fertilization should be based on the soil fertility and the quantity and proportion of various nutrients required for the theoretical yield of the variety to carry out soil testing and formula fertilization.
First, the rational use of agricultural fertilizer, 20-30 cubic meters of agricultural fertilizer per hectare, hectares can increase the production of 450-600 kg of corn.
Second, the scientific application of fertilizer. By adopting reasonable matching of N, P and K, it can increase production by 750-2000 kg. On medium-fertile plots, apply pure N135-160 kg per hectare, pure P75 kg, pure K100 kg (equivalent to 6-7 bags of urea, 3 bags of diammonium, 2 bags of potassium sulfate plus 10 kg of zinc sulfate; or 6 Bags N, P, and K each contain 15% of three-element compound fertilizer, 1 bag of diammonium, 5 bags of urea plus 10 kg of zinc sulfate).
Third, fertilization technology. The scientific fertilization technology is suitable for the application of fertilizers in stages.
1, phosphate fertilizer. 2/3 to make the base fertilizer (2 bags of diammonium), 1/3 to make the mouth fertilizer (1 bag of diammonium).
2. Nitrogen fertilizer. Base fertilizer, 2 bags of diammonium plus 2 bags of urea. Topdressing, in the jointing stage, the total number of leaves of the mid-maturing variety is 17-19 pieces, 30% of the leaves are fully deployed (5 pieces of unfolded leaves, 10 pieces of visible leaves), and 3-4 bags of urea per hectare.
3, potash fertilizer. 2/3 is the base fertilizer and 1/3 is the top dressing.
4, zinc fertilizer. All do the base fertilizer.
5, topdressing. To deep application, it is advisable to leave the corn plant 10-20cm, usually in the furrow, and cover the soil about 10cm.
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