Ways to improve the effective utilization of nitrogen fertilizer

At present, the effective utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in China is generally low. How to reduce nitrogen loss and increase nitrogen utilization rate are common concerns of farmers. Here will improve the effective utilization of nitrogen fertilizer seven methods introduced to the majority of farmers friends

1. Implement mixed application and deep application to strengthen water management

A large number of field trials have shown that nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced in nitrogen loss by applying nitrogen fertilizer to the soil layer or applying a few centimeters below the soil surface. It is better to make the nitrogen fertilizer into a granular fertilizer of a size of a few millimeters or about 1 centimeter for deep application. Rice field trials have shown that the deep application of granular fertilizer reaches the same level of production as the powder fertilizer, while the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced by about 1/3. However, in areas with high rainfall, light soil texture, and possible leaching losses, deep application should be used with caution. Both mixed and deep application have the effect of reducing ammonia volatilization and denitrification loss. Appropriate water management can also achieve the purpose of increasing nitrogen fertilizer production. For example, the application of base fertilizer on rice fields is more mixed with water layer. The effect of this mixed application is very poor. Most of the nitrogen remains in the surface water, and only a small part of the nitrogen is mixed into the soil. When the water-free layer is mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and then re-irrigated, more nitrogen can be mixed into the soil, thereby reducing nitrogen loss. In addition, after the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the water is used to allow the water to bring the fertilizer into the soil layer. This method of taking nitrogen with water is also one of the measures to reduce nitrogen loss.

Second, the use of slow-acting (long-acting) fertilizer

The slow-acting fertilizer is to coat the surface of the granular nitrogen fertilizer with a film to gradually release the soluble nitrogen for crop absorption and utilization, reducing nitrogen loss and biological fixation. The application of slow-acting fertilizers can reduce nitrogen losses to a certain extent, but because of its high price, the main target is economic crops.

Third, choose the best fertilization period

According to the characteristics of crop nitrogen requirement, the fertilization period can be selected to make the crops have high yield. Otherwise, the straw of the cereal crops will have high nitrogen content, high open rate and low yield. For crops with a long growing season, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, one or several times of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied according to the nitrogen demand characteristics of crops to meet the demand of crops and obtain high yield.

Fourth, due to soil texture application

The texture and organic matter content of the soil have an impact on the application of nitrogen fertilizer. It is generally believed that the organic matter in sandy soils is fast mineralized and poor in fertilizer retention, and should be applied less frequently; while the organic matter mineralization in clay soil is slower, the applied nitrogen fertilizer is easily fixed by soil colloid adsorption and microorganisms, and the fertilizer retention performance is strong. The soil can be fertilized and fertilized with good performance, and the fertilization method can be determined according to the growth period of the plant.

V. Application due to crop types

Different plants have different amounts and types of nitrogen fertilizer. For example, leafy vegetables, tea trees, mulberry trees, etc., should have a large amount of nitrogen in the leaves, and ammonium nitrogen is preferred; stems and fiber plants such as hemp, eucommia, and astragalus are suitable for ammonium chloride; Fruit trees tend to be nitrate-nitrogen fertilizers; nitrogen requirements are different in different periods of the same plant. In the first year, the nitrogen demand in spring and summer is more than 52%, and the demand in fruit expansion period is decreased. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at an early time, especially in the fruit ripening period, not to apply nitrogen fertilizer to prevent late maturity.

6. Use of urease inhibitors

The use of urease inhibitors inhibits the hydrolysis of urea by urease, so that urea can diffuse and move to deeper soil layers, thereby reducing the total ammonium and ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the surface soil of the dry land or in the paddy water to reduce ammonia volatilization. loss. Urease inhibitors which are currently studied more are O-phenylphosphoryl diamine, N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and hydroquinone.

Seven, the use of nitrification inhibitors

The role of the nitrification inhibitor is to inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen by nitrifying bacteria, thereby reducing the leaching loss of nitrate lost by denitrification of nitrogen.

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