China is a country with frequent meteorological disasters. It is also a period of frequent meteorological disasters in the flood season. The meteorological disasters encountered mainly include heavy rain, high temperature, typhoon, lightning, hail, and strong wind. The losses and impacts caused by meteorological disasters are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, it is particularly important to do disaster prevention and mitigation work.
Since July, there have been many large-scale heavy rainfall processes in China, and extreme daily precipitation and extreme continuous precipitation events have occurred in some areas, which not only caused disasters such as floods and mudslides, but also brought about certain impacts on the production of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery.
The recent weather disasters have caused frequent disasters everywhere.
Some townships and towns in Gezhou, Liaoning Province suffered serious flood damage
On August 3 and 4, a flooding occurred in Gaizhou City, Liaoning Province, due to heavy rains. In the lower reaches of the Daqing River, the towns of Tuandian Town and Bianpu Town are located in the lower reaches of the Daqing River. The terrain is low and the floods in the upstream reservoirs cause damage to many houses in the township. The farmland in the village is basically flooded, and the greenhouses and chicken houses are basically destroyed by floods. The loss is serious.
Heavy rains in Wuyuan County caused mudslides and villages to be seriously damaged and transferred to more than a thousand people
In the early morning of August 6th, Fengyu, Ironmaking, Qiaohou and other towns and villages in Dianyuan Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province caused flash floods due to sudden downpours. As of 19:00 on the 6th, the disaster has caused one person to die and one missing. 40 people were injured and 1,500 households and 6670 people were affected. The local government department quickly launched an emergency plan to start the rescue. At present, 1,200 people have been transferred and resettled; 40 injured people have also been sent to hospital for treatment and their vital signs are normal. The rescue work is still underway.
Since July this year, most areas of Yunnan have experienced heavy rains. From Zhaotong in the northeast of Yunnan to Xishuangbanna in southern Anhui, many cities have suffered from floods and mudslides. In the next two days, Wuyuan County still has small to moderate rain, which will bring difficulties to the rescue.
Heavy rain in Shiyan, Hubei has caused 13 deaths, 725 injuries and 3 missing
From the night of August 4th to the morning of the 6th, there was a torrential rain in the eastern part of Shiyan, Hubei, which led to multiple disasters. At present, a total of 430,000 people have been affected by the disaster. 13 people died due to the disaster, 3 people were missing and 725 people were injured. According to the statistics of the Shiyan City Government, the maximum rainfall of this round of heavy rain exceeded 400 mm, causing flash floods, steep rivers, landslides and mudslides. Basic farmland was destroyed in some areas, and some bridges, river banks, canals and other infrastructure were destroyed. In the short term, communication, power supply, water supply, and traffic disruption, and some farmers and farm houses collapsed. According to incomplete statistics, as of now, there are 5 counties, 1 city and 4 districts in Shiyan City, and more than 70 townships and 120,000 households have been affected.
Improve disaster prevention awareness and do disaster prevention and mitigation work
Heavy rain and its countermeasures
Rainstorms are rains with high precipitation intensity, often formed in cumulonimbus clouds. According to the meteorological regulations, rains with an hourly rainfall of more than 16 mm, or a continuous rainfall of more than 30 mm for 12 hours, and a rainfall of 50 mm or more for 24 hours are called "storms." According to its precipitation intensity, it is divided into three grades, that is, the 24-hour precipitation is 50-99.9 mm, which is called “rainstormâ€, between 100-249.9 mm, which is “great rainstormâ€, and 250 mm or more is called “extra heavy rainstormâ€.
However, due to the different characteristics of precipitation and topography, the standards of storms and floods vary from place to place, and the rainstorms can be divided into local rainstorms, regional heavy rains, large-scale heavy rains, and severe rainstorms according to the size of occurrence and impact.
Local rainstorms last only a few hours or tens of hours, and generally affect tens to thousands of square kilometers, resulting in less harmful. However, when the intensity of rainfall is extremely high, it can also cause serious casualties and property losses.
Regional rainstorms generally last for 3 to 7 days, and the impact range can reach 100,000 to 200,000 square kilometers or more. The disaster is general, but sometimes due to the strong rainfall intensity, it may cause regional severe storms and floods.
The wide-ranging storm has the longest duration, and it is generally a combination of multiple heavy rains in multiple areas. The rainfall can last for about 1 to 3 months, and the rain belt is maintained for a long period of time. Extraordinary heavy rain is a kind of severe weather, which often causes floods and serious soil erosion, leading to major economic losses such as engineering wrecks, dykes and flooding of crops. Especially for some areas with low-lying terrain and occluded terrain, rainwater cannot be quickly vented, causing over-saturation of farmland water and soil moisture, which will cause more disasters.
Landslide and its countermeasures
Landslide refers to the phenomenon that the slope or the rock layer slides down the slope as a whole or in a scattered manner under the influence of factors such as river erosion, rainfall, earthquake, and artificial slope cutting. The landslide is also called the ground slip. The masses also have the common name of “walking the mountainâ€, “垮山†or “mountain peelingâ€.
Escape from landslides is important in identifying precursors. Landslides are often not manpower to stop, but we can safely evacuate dangerous areas early by clarifying the precursory features of their exposure before the outbreak. The precursor features of the collapse mainly include the following aspects: the leading edge of the collapse collapses, falls, and the small collapse occurs continuously; the broken foot has a new rupture trail, which can smell the abnormal smell; from time to time, the rock tear can be heard. , the sound of friction and fragmentation; abnormalities such as heat, sputum, gas, groundwater quality, water quantity, etc.; abnormal phenomena of animals and plants. If such signs are found, people living near landslides or walking on landslides will have to evacuate as soon as possible. If the uplift of the hillside is found, the cracks in the mountain are sharply lengthened and widened, and other obstacles such as transfer should be taken as early as possible.
Debris flow and its countermeasures
What kind of disaster is the mudslide? How to avoid danger when encountering mudslides?
Debris flow is a phenomenon in which a large mixture of sediment, rock and water flows along a channel or slope. The whole process of debris flow is only a few hours, and the short is only a few minutes. Its outbreak is sudden, fierce, and has great destructive power.
The mudslides are ubiquitous like horrible ghosts. In addition to Antarctica, all continents have traces of evil. China is one of the high-incidence areas of debris flow. Nearly 100 county towns are directly threatened and endangered by mudslides every year. There are 20 railway trunk lines in the “sphere of influence†of more than 1,400 mudslides. According to statistics, since 1949, there have been more than 300 mudslides that have interrupted railway operations in China, and 33 stations have been smashed by mud. In China's road network, the debris flow disasters of Sichuan, Tibet, Sichuan, Sichuan, Sichuan, Sichuan and Sichuan are the most serious. There are more than 1,000 mudslides along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway and more than 400 mudslides.
So, when the mudslide strikes, how can we better defend it? In general, there are three conditions for the occurrence of debris flow: heavy rainfall, loose mud and steep terrain. Experts tell us that doing a good job of forecasting and forecasting debris flow is an important step and measure for disaster prevention and mitigation. Then, if we encounter mudslides in the wild, how can we hedge? Expert advice: When hiking along the valley, once it encounters heavy rain, it should be quickly transferred to a safe highland. Do not stay too much at the bottom of the valley; pay attention to the surrounding environment, pay special attention to whether you hear the thunderous sound from the valley in the distance, if Hear, be very vigilant, because this is likely to be a sign of mudslides; when camping in the wild, choose a flat highland as a camp, avoid hillsides with rolling stones and massive deposits, and not in valleys and rivers. At the bottom of the camp; after the debris flow is discovered, it is necessary to climb to the slopes on both sides of the river in the vertical direction. The higher the climb, the better, and it is absolutely impossible to run downstream of the debris flow.
How to save yourself after the flood?
In a short-term torrential rain, a river will rise violently, over a dam, flooding farmland, villages, and ruining roads, bridges, and houses. This is a flood disaster. A flood has occurred, how can it be saved?
l. Under the threat of floods, if time is sufficient, it should be transferred to hillsides and highlands in an organized manner according to the planned route; in the case of being caught by the floods, it is necessary to use ships, wooden rafts, door panels, wooden beds as much as possible. Wait, do the water transfer.
2. The flood comes too fast. When it is too late to transfer, you should immediately climb the roof, the building's upper floors, the big trees, the high walls, and make temporary shelters, waiting for rescue. Do not singleton water transfer.
3. In the mountains, if heavy rain falls, it is easy to explode mountain torrents. In this case, care should be taken to avoid crossing the river to prevent it from being washed away by flash floods, and to prevent damage from landslides, rolling stones and mudslides.
4. It is found that the high-voltage line tower is dumped, the wires are drooping or broken; to avoid danger, not to touch or approach, to prevent electric shock.
5. After the flood, take drugs to prevent epidemics, do a good job in sanitation and epidemic prevention, and avoid infectious diseases.
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