Knowledge about orchid pests and diseases

The main problems in the prevention and control of orchid pests and diseases:

1. The diagnosis is not allowed, it is the root cause of the occurrence of orchid pests and diseases

In the prevention and control of orchid pests and diseases, many orchid friends often do not have their own orchids, and the diagnosis of the insects is accurate, and they are eager to use drugs. Such prevention and treatment is not good. The diagnosis is not accurate, which is the root cause of the serious occurrence of orchid pests and diseases.

2. The occurrence of orchid pests and diseases is complicated, which is the objective reason for the occurrence of orchid pests and diseases.

Because of the variety of methods of raising orchids, the conditions for raising orchids vary widely, resulting in different environmental conditions for raising orchids; because different orchid culture techniques are different, the orchids grown are different; because these are different. The environmental conditions causing orchid pests and diseases are also very complicated, which provides a good condition for the occurrence of pests and diseases on orchids. The resulting species of orchid pests and diseases are various and varied.

From the point of view of the stalk rot of orchids, it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis if the fake bulb of the orchid is rotted. For experienced people, it is also necessary to see the physical objects, and to separate the disease organization and make appropriate indoor cultivation before making preliminary conclusions with the aid of instruments. Generally, Lanyou can diagnose the pests only by means of the orchid pest map. If the orchid disease is diagnosed, the conclusion is not necessarily accurate. Otherwise, the orchid stem rot (rot disease) will not be so serious in the country.

3. Not enough knowledge about the characteristics, mechanism of action, and control objects of pesticides

For the anti-disease of orchids, many Lanyou only know carbendazim and methyl thiophanate. When planting orchids, the two strains are used for disinfection of orchids. The prevention of blue disease is also the two drugs. After the orchid is sick, it is still used. The two drugs are used for prevention and treatment, and this often results in a loss in the year when the blue disease occurs. This is because the two drugs themselves are the same as the benzimidazole fungicides. For long-term use, the bacteria are susceptible to drug resistance, and resistance to one of them is resistant to the other.

Therefore, when using a certain pesticide, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of action and the object of prevention and control of the pesticide to achieve the corresponding effect. In the mechanism of action of the fungicide, it is necessary to clarify whether the drug mainly plays a preventive or therapeutic role on the pathogen, or whether it is necessary to eradicate the pathogen, and at the same time, it is necessary to know whether the drug has a systemic action or a contact action. It should be understood in order to have targeted medication.

In fact, the use of pharmaceuticals in the control of orchid pests and diseases is very particular. What pests and diseases need to be controlled with what kind of chemicals, this must be clarified. For example, orchid disease, if it is controlled by fungi, it is generally poor or ineffective; it is also a disease caused by fungi, and it is not said that fungi control agents are effective and must be used in a targeted manner to improve control effects. This is the basic requirement for the prevention and treatment of orchid diseases.

Here, it should be emphasized that there are a small number of pharmaceutical agents such as copper-containing fungicides, which have certain control effects on diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses, but such broad-spectrum fungicides are generally mainly For prevention, when used at the peak of the disease, no matter what disease is prevented, the control effect is generally not high. It is often easy to cause significant losses by using such broad-spectrum agents to control orchid diseases.

4. Pay more attention to the upper and lower pests and diseases of orchids, but pay insufficient attention to fake bulbs and root pests and diseases.

From the practice of planting orchids, many Lanyou pay insufficient attention to the disease of the bulbs and root pests of the orchids. In fact, the most destructive of the death of the orchids is the latter two; the majority of the orchids are pests and diseases in orchids. And after taking symptoms, take measures. For the upper part of the orchid, the first aid has a certain effect for most of the time, but for the fake squamous disease and the root disease, it is often too late. . In addition, the need to cause the majority of Lan friends to pay attention to the problem of pests in the basin, there are many types of pests in the basin, the harm is actually heavier, need timely prevention and control (I have another special article to discuss).

5. Lack of systematic preventive measures, not timely application

In the practice of raising orchids, we often see people who apply this medicine today, and listen to others saying that the medicine is good and replaced with another medicine. As a result, the control effect is often not ideal. Therefore, in order to control orchid pests and diseases, in order to achieve better control effect, for a certain pest, it is necessary to use the same agent with good control effect, continuous application, and the disease is applied at least 3 times (7-10 days once). Pests can be applied at least twice to achieve better control. In the period of prevention and control, it is necessary to grasp the application of pesticides when the number of insects is small, that is, the treatment is usually early and small; and the disease must bear in mind the principle of prevention and early application; if the orchid has already developed disease, then It is necessary to continue to apply the drug in the critical period of the initial stage of the disease; in addition, in the prevention of pests and diseases, it can be used according to the local common pests and diseases (under the premise of correct diagnosis), keeping in mind the high temperature and high humidity season of the year (5-9). Month) is the peak period of orchid pests and diseases, and needs to be prevented in time.

Responses:

1. Strictly implement disinfection measures for seedlings and plant materials

The newly introduced Lanmiao must adopt corresponding methods of disinfection and de-worming to eliminate and reduce the spread of pests and diseases and cut off the source of transmission. When planting orchids, the orchid seedlings, plantings, and orchids should be disinfected. After many years of practice, the author believes that in addition to orchids, the better measures are high temperature disinfection, high temperature disinfection can kill germs and pests, and more thoroughly. The specific method can be used to put the orchid products, utensils, and plant materials into boiling water for 10 minutes, or steam for 30-60 minutes after boiling in water. Other methods such as sun exposure, pan frying, etc., can not kill 100% of germs, pests and eggs. This is the first step of the plant, and must go well.

2. Regular prevention of pests and diseases

In recent years, with the increase in the scale and modernization of the orchids, many Minglan products are of high value. It is particularly important to do this well. In mid-August 2005, the author saw in a well-known orchid network in China that a certain orchid friend had stem rot due to orchids, and within a day of 15 days, Fulan famous product Cheng Mei 50 seedlings worth more than 600,000 yuan. It is a pity. Imagine that with the exception of a few large outdoor areas, the vast majority of Lanyou can withstand such a blow? Therefore, it is necessary to prevent orchid pests and diseases, especially the prevention of devastating diseases. In terms of specific preventive measures, in Dali Prefecture, in general, spring is mainly to prevent pests, and diseases are supplemented. In summer of high temperature and high humidity, disease prevention is the main factor, insect control is supplemented, and pests and diseases are prevented in autumn. In winter, the general pests and diseases occur lightly, and can be selected according to the situation of each individual. However, in the winter, special attention should be paid to protecting the roots of orchids. If the humidity in the winter basin is large, the orchids are most prone to rotten roots. There are proverbs in raising orchids: rooting in winter and raising leaves in summer and autumn are very reasonable.

3. The right medicine

As mentioned above, the root cause of the serious and difficult prevention and treatment of orchid pests and diseases is that there is no right medicine, mainly the diagnosis is not allowed. The solution is to do the prevention and prevention work yourself. If you don't know or get the pests and diseases that you don't know, you should consult with experienced people. You can also ask the experts who work in this field to make accurate diagnosis. Get the right medicine. Nowadays, when many people are talking about orchid stalk rot, there are blind people who feel like they are touching each other.

4. Timely application

This measure mainly includes the second layer of meaning: First, prevention and treatment should be timely, in addition to the usual preventive work, it should be used in the early stage of orchid pests and diseases; second, it has been said before, for the occurrence of pests and diseases, especially diseases, Under the premise of accurate diagnosis, the drug is selected, the drug is applied continuously, the disease is at least 3 times (7-10 days), and the pests are at least 2 times to ensure certain control effect. Timely application is an effective measure to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and reduce losses.

5. Correctly grasp the concentration of pesticides used and spray evenly

At present, in the prevention and control of orchid pests and diseases, there are two incorrect uses for pesticides: First, the use concentration is too high. For example, when some people are in the disease prevention, the direct use of commercial drugs is directly applied to the diseased department without watering. This method is prone to phytotoxicity to orchids (direct phytotoxicity is the death of orchids, indirect phytotoxicity is damage to the leaves, growth points and orchids of orchids), and it is easy to produce resistance to pests and diseases. The consequence is that the same agent is used in the future, and the control effect is poor or the effect is not effective. Many people now say that the thiophanate-methyl bactericidal effect is very poor, because the use time is too long and improper use. Second, some of the cultivators are afraid of using their pesticides to injure their orchids. They rarely use drugs or use too low concentrations and do not play a role in controlling pests and diseases. These two methods are actually unscientific. The correct method should be based on the action mechanism, control objects and methods of use of various pesticides, combined with the success of others or others, to confirm that a certain drug has a certain pest. After the effect, and no phytotoxicity, use it again. When spraying, it is necessary to spray the front, back and basin surfaces of the blade to have better control effect.

6. Alternate medication

The main pests and diseases for a certain place are those. It is necessary to select different types of pesticides. Each pest must select more than three kinds of effective pesticides, and at least one month of rotation, in order to effectively reduce the resistance of pests and diseases and improve the control effect. At the same time, extend the useful life of a certain special pesticide. This measure should also attract the attention of the majority of Lanyou.

7. Strengthen ventilation

Jinze, Lanjia District, Qing Dynasty, said: "Yanglan takes the face ventilation as the first meaning", "ventilation is the first task of the species", "Yang Duohuajia, Yin Duoyejia, this is the ventilator" If it is not ventilated, then the sun will die, the yin will be more dead, and all will die." This is the supreme statement about the cultivation of orchids about ventilation, and it is the truth. This requires us to do: the orchid environment should be ventilated, the plant should be loose and ventilated, rich in nutrients, and the orchids should be ventilated to raise the orchids. Ventilation is an irreplaceable role in raising orchids and controlling pests and diseases, especially diseases. Every Yanglan should pay attention to it.

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