Technical requirements and methods for ship derusting Common derusting methods for ships include manual descaling, mechanical descaling and chemical descaling.
First, manual derusting
Manual rust removal tools include hoes, knives, scrapers, wire brushes, etc. Generally, thick rust spots are knocked off with a hoe and then removed with a blade. The labor intensity is large, the rust removal efficiency is low, generally 0.2~0.5m2/h, the environment is bad, it is difficult to remove the scale and other dirt, the rust removal effect is not good, it is difficult to achieve the specified cleanliness and roughness, and has gradually been mechanically And chemical methods are substituted. However, in the process of ship repairing, especially for the repair of local defects, this method is often used; for the hard-to-reach parts of mechanical derusting, such as narrow compartments, curved corners of the opposite corners of the steel, manual derusting is also applied.
Second, mechanical derusting
There are many tools and techniques for mechanical derusting, among which the main ones are as follows:
1. Small air or electric rust removal. Mainly powered by electric or compressed air, equipped with appropriate descaling device, reciprocating or rotating motion to meet the rust removal requirements of various occasions. Such as angle grinder, wire brush, pneumatic needle rust remover, pneumatic rust hammer, tooth type rotary rust remover, etc., is a semi-mechanical device, the tool is light, maneuverable, can completely remove rust , old coating, etc., can be applied to the coating, the efficiency is much higher than the manual derusting, up to 1~2m2 / h, but can not remove the scale, the surface roughness is small, can not achieve high quality surface treatment quality The work efficiency is lower than the spray treatment. Can be used in any part, especially in the ship repair process. (China sand blasting machine network)
2. Shot blasting (sand) derusting. It is mainly composed of particle jet erosion to achieve surface cleaning and suitable roughness. The equipment includes open shot blasting (sand) descaling machine, closed shot blasting (sand chamber), vacuum shot peening (sand) machine. The open type shot blasting machine is widely used to remove all impurities on the metal surface, such as oxide scale, rust and old paint film. The rust removal efficiency is 4~5m2/h, the mechanical degree is high, and the rust quality is high. it is good. However, it is generally impossible to recycle due to abrasives, which has an impact on other operations and troubles in cleaning the site. Therefore, environmental pollution is heavier and has recently been restricted.
3. High-pressure water abrasive rust removal. The impact of the high pressure water jet (plus the abrasive action of the abrasive) and the action of the water raft destroy the adhesion of the rust and the coating to the steel sheet. Its characteristics are no dust pollution, no damage to the steel plate, greatly improve the rust removal efficiency, up to 15m2 / h or more, good derusting quality. However, after the rust-removed steel plate is easy to return to rust, it is necessary to apply a special wet rust-removing paint, which has a great influence on the coating of the general performance paint.
4, shot blasting. Shot blasting is the use of a high-speed rotating impeller to throw the abrasive onto the steel surface to achieve the purpose of rust removal. It is a relatively advanced mechanical treatment method for rust removal of hull steel, which not only has high production efficiency, but also low cost and automation. The degree is high, the pipeline operation can be realized, and the environmental pollution is small, but it is only operated indoors.
Third, chemical derusting
It is mainly a derusting method that uses a chemical reaction between an acid and a metal oxide to remove the rust product on the surface of the metal, that is, the so-called pickling and rust removal, which can only be operated in the workshop.
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