Abstract "Downloading a high-definition movie in one second, the charging time of the mobile phone is shortened to one minute, and these are all possible to be realized around 2024, relying on a small graphene device." Industry insiders predict. As the world
"Downloading a high-definition movie in one second, the charging time of the mobile phone is shortened to one minute, and these are all possible to be realized around 2024, relying on a small graphene device." Industry insiders predict. As the world's softest hard material, graphene, known as "black gold", has become a new favorite in recent years due to its excellent character. So, how should China develop the “gold mine†of graphene?
Status: "Rising star" material
Graphene is a new type of carbon nanomaterial with a thickness of only one carbon atom (0.34 nm), which is the thinnest and hardest material ever discovered. Graphene has been highly regarded in recent years due to its excellent physical and electrical properties. Because of its discovery, two scientists from the UK and Russia won the Nobel Prize in 2004.
Graphene has extremely low resistivity and extremely fast electron migration, and can be expected to develop a new generation of electronic components or transistors that are thinner and have faster conduction. “In addition, because it is almost completely transparent, it is also suitable for manufacturing transparent touch screens, light panels, and even high-efficiency solar cells and ultra-large capacity batteries.†Yu Lijun, general manager of Beijing Guozhi Patent Alert Advisory Center.
The results of patent analysis show that the patent applications related to graphene first appeared in 2002, and there has been substantial rapid growth since 2008. China's patented technology in graphene technology has the highest output, accounting for 40.25% of total output; the United States accounts for 22.10% of total output, ranking second; South Korea accounts for 21.18% of total output. Ranked third.
"This shows that in recent years, China's graphene research and development investment is relatively strong, but also pay attention to the use of patents to protect research and development results, but the number does not mean strong, China's graphene patent applications mainly from research institutes and universities, most still In the laboratory research stage." Yu Lizhen said frankly.
The patent analysis report of the graphite thin industry issued by the Beijing National Patent Alert Advisory Center shows that the top six patent applicants in the world are Samsung, South Korea, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Korea Advanced Technology Research Institute and Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea. Sungkyunkwan University, IBM, USA, and individual applicant Bor Z. Jang.
Not only that, but China’s graphene patent layout has also made Li Li deeply worried: “In the graphene field, although China is a rising star, the patent layout is unreasonable, which is not conducive to contain and restrict competitors.â€
Hot spot: enhanced practicality
For the graphene industry, preparation techniques are the foundation.
According to the "Graphite Dilute Industry Patent Analysis Report", the global patent application method for graphene preparation is 471, and the preparation methods include chemical vapor deposition, oxidation reduction, SiC thermal decomposition, gas/liquid phase stripping, mechanical stripping. Law and so on. Among them, the most concerned ones are chemical vapor deposition and redox.
"At present, the global graphene patent technology is in a period of rapid development, but the material preparation technology is less industrialized. The chemical vapor deposition method and the redox method may be the way to achieve industrialization." Yu Lijun said that chemical vapor deposition Compared with other preparation methods, the method is easier to achieve large size and stable mass production. The main patents are in the hands of South Korea's Samsung, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Sungkyunkwan University in Korea. However, the current stage of chemical vapor deposition still faces poor controllability of graphene layers. The problem, the future process details control (such as pressure control, time control and post-processing technology) may be the breakthrough of the industrialization of the technology. The redox method is simple in operation and has a prospect of high-volume preparation, but the raw materials used have certain toxicity and pollute the environment.
The importance of the preparation process is self-evident, but patent searches have found that only 29.20% of the patent applications involving graphene preparation methods and equipment, and patent applications involving graphene applications account for 48.05%.
"With the development of graphene preparation technology and the improvement of sample quality, the current research focus is not only on the preparation method of graphene, but also on how to apply graphene to various fields, thereby realizing large-scale commercial application of graphene technology. In particular, some large foreign companies have invested heavily in the application of graphene," Yu Lizhen said.
According to the graph application profile of graphene application technology, the application of graphene on TFT substrate, catalyst, transparent electrode and transistor is a research and development hotspot, and the patent application involving battery is the most, accounting for up to 36%.
Patent analyst of Beijing Guozhi Patent Early Warning and Consultation Center said that graphene has good conductivity and flexibility, and has a high specific surface area, which determines its high energy storage space. It is used to prepare transparent graphene film for lithium ion batteries. Solar cells and other fields have broad prospects and are the research hotspots of the application technology branch in the past two years.
Strategy: Accelerate patent layout
At the moment, graphene is hot. Recently, the US Department of Defense Advanced Project Research Bureau and the University of Wisconsin-Madison announced that they have jointly developed a human brain research technology to explore the connection between human brain neural structure and function. This technology uses graphene as a sensor, and its thickness is less than one nanometer. It is compatible with optical and electrical methods for the first time.
It is not the United States that "loves" the graphene. Not long ago, several universities in South Korea also announced that they have successfully developed mixed graphene. It is understood that this electronic tattoo made of mixed graphene is flexible and transparent, and even if it is folded or pulled, it can still work normally. The R&D team also made this material a biosensor to monitor human health data.
The market outlook is self-evident. How can China, as a rising star in the field of graphene, maintain its advantages and seize the opportunities in this highly competitive field?
“Promoting patent early warning analysis and strengthening patent mining and layout.†This is the answer given by Beijing National Patent Alert Advisory Center.
According to the technical distribution map of patent applications of the world's major competitors, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which ranks second in the number of patent applications for graphene, has 103 patent applications in China, and only one PCT patent application; and the number of applications ranked first in Korea. Samsung has not only 40 patent applications in Korea, but also 46 patent applications in the US, 12 patent applications in China, 7 PCT applications, and 1 in Europe; Korea Advanced Technology Research Institute, Korea Science and Technology The patent layout strategy of the Institute and so on is similar to that of Samsung.
"It can be seen that although the number of patent applications for graphene in China is very large, the performance of regional protection is poor, and there is almost no foreign patent protection for graphene patents. Korean companies and research institutions attach great importance to patent protection. They not only carry out patent distribution in Korea, but also carry out a considerable number of patents in the countries or regions where the world's major competitors are located. This is worthy of reference by domestic enterprises and scientific research institutions," Yu Lizhen said.
In the view of Li Yi, with the development of graphene application technology, more foreign applicants will go to China for patent application and layout in the future. In this regard, domestic enterprises and research institutions should pay sufficient attention to the timely development of patent early warning in the process of technology research and development and industrialization to prevent and avoid potential patent risks as early as possible.
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