EDM is a controlled process that removes workpiece material by discharge between the workpiece and the tool electrode, as well as deforming the material, changing properties, or being plated. The forming process is applicable to various holes and slot molds, and can also be used for engraving, surface strengthening, coating, etc.; cutting processing is applicable to various dies, powder metallurgy molds and workpieces, and various samples, magnetic steel and silicon steel sheets. Molybdenum, tungsten, semiconductor or precious metals.
Electrochemical machining is a special process that removes workpiece materials by electrochemical reaction or plated metal materials thereon. Among them, electrolytic processing is suitable for deep holes, holes, cavities, profiles, chamfering, deburring, polishing, etc. Electroforming is suitable for hollow parts with complex shapes and high precision, such as waveguides; molds for injection molding, thin-walled parts; reproduction of precise surface contours; surface roughness samples, mirrors, dials and other parts. Coating processing can be applied to surface wear, scratches, and rusted parts to restore size; coating remediation of oversized products. Partially coated anti-corrosion layer and anti-corrosion layer on the surface of large, complex and small batch of workpieces to improve surface properties.
High-energy beam processing is a general term for special processing methods that use a laser beam, electron beam or ion beam with high energy density to remove workpiece materials. Among them, laser beam processing mainly uses punching, cutting, welding, laser strengthening, fine adjustment and storage of metal surfaces. Electron beam processing is available in both hot and non-thermal types. The hot type processing uses electron beam to locally heat the material to the melting or vaporization point. It is suitable for punching, cutting slots, welding and other deep structures. Processing; non-thermal processing is the use of chemical effects of electron beam etching, micro-processing such as large-area thin layers. Ion beam processing is mainly used in microfabrication, sputtering, and injection processing. Plasma arc processing is suitable for cutting, welding and heat treatment of various metal materials. It can also manufacture high-purity alumina, silica and surface strengthening of workpieces, as well as plasma arc surfacing and spraying.
Ultrasonic processing is the use of ultrasonic vibration tools in the abrasive liquid medium or dry abrasive, resulting in abrasive impact, polishing, hydraulic shock and resulting cavitation to remove materials, and ultrasonic vibration to join the workpiece to each other processing method. It is suitable for forming, cutting, welding and ultrasonic cleaning.
Chemical processing is a processing method that uses a chemical solution to chemically react with a metal to dissolve the metal and change the shape and size of the workpiece. Used to remove the surface layer of the material to reduce weight; selectively process shallower or deeper cavities and grooves; and perform taper hole processing on sheets, sheets, formed parts and extruded parts.
Composite processing refers to the special processing of combining two or more different types of energy to remove workpiece materials at the same time.Four special processing problems
Although special processing has solved many problems that are difficult to process in traditional cutting, it has shown great advantages in improving product quality, production efficiency and economic efficiency. However, it still has many problems to be solved.
1. Many special processing mechanisms (such as ultrasonic, laser processing, etc.) are not fully understood, and the selection of process parameters and the stability of the processing process need to be further improved.2. Some special processing (such as electrochemical processing) process waste, effluent, if improperly discharged, will cause environmental pollution and affect workers' health.
3. Some special processing (such as rapid prototyping, plasma arc processing, etc.) processing accuracy and productivity need to be improved.4. Some special processing (such as laser processing) requires a large investment in equipment and high maintenance costs, which needs to be further resolved.
The development trend of five special processing1. In accordance with the viewpoint of system engineering, increase the intensity of in-depth research on the basic principles, processing mechanisms, process rules, and processing stability of special processing. At the same time, it fully integrates high-tech based on modern electronic technology, computer technology, information technology and precision manufacturing technology to make processing equipment develop in the direction of automation and flexibility.
2. Based on actual conditions, vigorously develop new methods in the field of special processing, including micro-machining and composite processing, especially high-quality, high-efficiency, economical composite processing, and match with appropriate manufacturing models to fully utilize its Features.3. The pollution problem is a serious obstacle to the impact and limitation of some special processing applications and development. It is necessary to make great efforts to use waste gas, liquid waste, and waste residue to develop in the direction of "green" processing.
It is foreseeable that with the development of science and technology and modern industry, special processing will continue to improve and develop rapidly, which in turn will promote the development of science and technology and modern industry, and play an increasingly important role.references
1. Kong Qinghua, Special Processing, Tongji University Press, 19972. Special processing manual
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