Since pesticide residues are caused in the production, circulation and use of pesticides, pesticide residues in agricultural products are mainly caused during the use of pesticides, and there are preventive measures. The tricks summarized by the author are as follows:
The first measure: choose the appropriate pesticide variety. High-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are selected. In order to prevent pesticides from exceeding the standard, low-toxic pesticides and biological pesticides for human and animal safety must be selected in production, and the use of highly toxic and highly residual pesticides is prohibited. The variety of pesticides is very different. The physical and chemical properties, biological activities, and control objects of various pesticides are different. Some pesticides are only effective for some or even some kinds of objects. When a variety of pesticides are available for selection, Varieties that have the best effect on control objects, low toxicity to humans and animals and the environment, safe for the ecological environment, and the best for crop safety and economic benefits should be selected.
The second measure: master the key period of medication. The use of the same pesticide at different times has a very significant difference in the control effect of the control object and on the crop and its surrounding environment. Choosing the most appropriate time is very important to improve control and reduce adverse effects. According to the law of occurrence of pests and diseases, the characteristics of damage should be applied in critical periods. The prophylactic and therapeutic agents should be applied at the early stage of the disease, and the pure treatment is also effective when the disease is light. It is best to control the disease at the early or early stage of the disease. The control of pests should be controlled when the worms are small. At this time, the larvae are concentrated, the body is small, the drug resistance is weak, and the application of pesticides is most suitable. The effect of prevention and control should not be achieved too early. If the pesticide is too late, it will not be absorbed by the crop, resulting in excessive residue.
The third measure: master the appropriate amount. Pesticide should have a certain amount of use to have a satisfactory control effect, but not the larger the better. First, after reaching a certain amount, increasing the dosage will not significantly improve the control effect. Secondly, leaving a small amount of pests is beneficial to the reproduction of natural enemy populations. It is not advisable to “kill†the pests; again, the vast majority of pesticides It has a certain lethal effect on natural enemies of pests. The higher the dosage, the higher the concentration and the more lethality. Finally, the increase of pesticide dosage will inevitably increase the pesticide residues in agricultural products. It is very important to master the dosage. Different pesticides have different dosages. The same pesticides are used in different prevention and treatment periods, and the dosage of various pesticides is determined by the technical department. Pesticides should not be arbitrarily increased, or increased the number of uses. If the dosage is increased arbitrarily, not only will the pesticide be wasted, but also the phytotoxicity will result, resulting in pesticide residues in crops, especially vegetables. Fear of pesticide residues, using the method of reducing the amount of drugs, and failing to achieve the desired control effect. For this reason, in the production, we should first select the most suitable pesticide variety according to the object of prevention and control, and master the timing of the best drug use for prevention and control; secondly, strictly control the pesticide use standard, which not only ensures the control effect, but also reduces the residue.
The fourth measure: use the appropriate medication method. Spraying method, dusting method, spreading method, smoke method, fumigation method, poisonous soil method, soil treatment method, seed treatment method, injection method, dressing method, poison bait method and other pesticide use methods should be based on the damage mode of pests and diseases, The characteristics of the site and the pesticide are “flexible†and cannot be “one size fits allâ€. For example, in the upper part of the crop, the spraying and dusting methods can be used; for the soil-borne pests and diseases, the soil treatment method can be adopted; for the propagation of pests and diseases through the seedlings, the seedling treatment method can be adopted; A good agent can be used for controlling pests and diseases of woody plants such as fruit trees by injection or dressing; granules can only be applied by means of application.
The fifth measure: master the security interval. The safety interval is the time when the pesticide is used for the last time. Different pesticides have different spacing requirements due to their stability and usage. The interval period is short, and the pesticide degradation time is insufficient, which will cause the residue to exceed the standard. For example, the control of wheat mites uses 50% anti-Poly, and the maximum use is 2 times per season, and the interval is about 15 days.
Sixth trick: use alternating rotation medication. Repeated application of a single pesticide has not only poor efficacy, but also easily leads to resistance to pests and diseases. When the pests and diseases occur seriously and need to be used multiple times, the agents with different action mechanisms should be alternately used, which not only avoids and delays the generation of resistance, but also effectively prevents pesticide residues from exceeding the standard.
The seventh measure: the use of scientific cultivation measures. Scientific cultivation measures are the most effective measures to reduce the amount of pesticides, and are the most effective measures to reduce the amount of pesticide residues in agricultural products. First, we must use disease-resistant varieties; second, we must rationally rotate and reduce the accumulation of soil diseases and insects; third, we must cultivate strong seedlings, rationally close planting, clean the countryside, and rationally fertilize; fourth, we must use seed disinfection and soil disinfection to kill germs; Using light trapping, taste and other physical methods, trapping pests, such as yellow boards, trapping aphids, whiteflies, spotted flies, etc., light trapping lepidopteran and other pests such as lepidoptera and chafer, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura, beet night Special attractants such as moths are trapped.
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