According to the original "FlowerTECH" magazine in the Netherlands, Dr.ThomasMeyer Fanghai compiled (2002.02.02)
In European greenhouses, if pesticides are applied, the application rate per hectare is mostly 500-1500 liters. With the improvement of science and technology and the accumulation of practical experience, coupled with people's increasing attention to environmental protection, the concept of integrated pest management has become more and more important in greenhouse cultivation. The concept of integrated pest management is widely rooted in people's minds. The goal of Integrated PestMan-agement IPM is to reduce the environmental impact of chemical pesticides by improving the composition and application of pesticides, while protecting natural resources.
Since the 1980s, cold fog technology has become more and more important in greenhouse production, and its role has become increasingly important. Experience has shown that pesticides, water and energy can be used with the right equipment. At the heart of this technology is the use of water as a carrier to apply high concentrations of pesticides to harmful organisms, with a dose of approximately 20-60 liters per hectare. The optimum dose depends on the height of the plant and the density of the leaves as well as some other special factors such as the degree of plant susceptibility.
Cold fog technology is also known as UltraLowVolumeULV, which means that when the liquid is applied, the droplets of the solution become very small, and the diameter of the droplets is generally controlled at 1-50 microns to reach the maximum. Excellent space and surface distribution. This allows chemical residues to decompose quickly and at the same time shorten the onset of pesticides. In general, it takes 10-30 micron droplets to deal with flying insects, 20-40 micron droplets for leaf nematodes, and 30-50 micron droplets for fungal diseases. For fungal diseases, cold fog technology is more suitable for prevention and treatment. The generation of mist droplets Most machines currently on the market use compressed air to produce tiny droplets that are driven by a motor to generate a gas stream. The liquid is introduced into the nozzle of the machine under a certain pressure, where it is atomized into a very small droplet. Machines that use high pressure systems to create droplets are also on the market. Another way to create droplets is to use a turntable system. Typically, the droplets produced by this means are sprayed out by a controlled airflow generated by a fan inside the machine. With this type of machine, a very stable mist flow can be sprayed in the greenhouse.
Advantages of Cold Mist Technology The use of cold fog technology has the following advantages:
1. The machine is generally fully automatic, and the operator will only come into contact with the pesticide when the tank is empty, thus maximizing the operator's direct contact with the pesticide.
2. Compared to conventional pesticide spraying, the use of cold fog technology requires much less labor and time, thereby reducing labor costs.
3. Since the machine is fully automatic, it is completely possible to spray the liquid after the worker gets off work, so the use of labor can be more optimized.
4. It is possible to carry out an ideal and stable spraying of the medicament in the greenhouse, in particular, adding a stabilizer such as emulsified oil to the liquid medicine. These stabilizers allow the liquid droplets to float in the air for a long time and do not evaporate quickly.
5. Compared to conventional sprayers, the use of cold fog technology is greatly reduced in noise.
6. The loss of liquid medicine is reduced and the degree of pollution is also reduced.
7. Due to the reduced dose, the pests will be exposed to the drug mist for a long time.
8. The liquid leaf surface can be more ideally distributed, which is conducive to the poisoning of pests.
Purchase and use of equipment If a grower has an interest in a cold fog machine and intends to purchase it, the following items should be carefully checked before making a final decision.
1. Can the equipment work fully or semi-automatically? If so, you can leave a lot of work to the machine to get rid of people.
2. Is the machine's canister large enough to minimize the number of supplements?
3. If a wettable powder is applied using the device, is there a problem? If the equipment uses a high pressure system, what measures the manufacturer has taken to avoid clogging of the orifices.
4. Is the controlled airflow guaranteed (note that a large fan does not always mean good performance)? A general fan plus a nozzle may cause turbulence, making it difficult to ensure uniformity of the sprayed mist.
5. Whether the machine is equipped with an agitation system to ensure that the mixture is always in suspension, especially when using wettable powders.
6. Does the machine have a complete ventilation system.
7. Can the machine produce the droplets we need?
8. If the machine is equipped with an air compressor, the seal is effective to avoid damage to the plant caused by oil leakage. After all the above questions can be satisfactorily answered, decide whether to buy a cold fog machine.
Precautions for use After the machine is purchased, be sure to pay attention to some basic items. Water as a carrier of the drug must be sufficient. For most of the shorter plants, such as potted plants and most cut flowers, this means at least 2 litres of water per 1000 square meters, plus chemicals and stabilizers. If the plants are relatively tall and the plants with higher leaf density, at least 5 liters of water is needed for every 1000 square meters. Also in this case, it is preferable to use a fan in the greenhouse at the same time so that the droplets are well diffused. In general, the more water there is, the more droplets the machine can produce, and the more droplets that can be stably diffused, the more droplets will hit the target. If the relative humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 85-90%, it is best to use a stabilizer, otherwise the droplets will evaporate quickly, affecting the efficacy. The more the droplets are, the better the coverage of the droplets on the back of the leaves. Experience has shown that the ratio of droplets to leaf and leaf back coverage is 1:8. This means that when more water is used, the amount of droplets is increased and the droplets covering the back of the leaf are increased. Do not work the machine directly under the plant, let it work above 30-50 cm of the height of the plant, or place it on the main channel to avoid phytotoxicity caused by excessive concentration of the liquid. The diffusion of the droplets should be smooth and free of obstacles. The correct dose and solution ratio must be guaranteed. A clean, slightly warm (about 20-30 ° C) water solution should be used. In fact, almost all pesticides that can be used for conventional spraying with water can use cold fog technology. Of course, before you do this, you should also look at the instructions for use of the drug. A versatile system is increasingly used in greenhouses throughout Europe due to the many advantages of cold fog technology. Due to the large number of machines available, machines for all sizes of greenhouses can be found, so cold fog technology can be applied in almost all greenhouses.
In the past few years, biocontrol technology has made great progress, and many pests and diseases can be solved by biological control techniques. However, in the case of serious pests and diseases, I am afraid that only chemical pesticides can solve the problem. In this case, cold fog technology can be seen as an "emergency rescue team." Not only can the problem be solved effectively, but the negative effects inherent in pesticides can be minimized.
In European greenhouses, if pesticides are applied, the application rate per hectare is mostly 500-1500 liters. With the improvement of science and technology and the accumulation of practical experience, coupled with people's increasing attention to environmental protection, the concept of integrated pest management has become more and more important in greenhouse cultivation. The concept of integrated pest management is widely rooted in people's minds. The goal of Integrated PestMan-agement IPM is to reduce the environmental impact of chemical pesticides by improving the composition and application of pesticides, while protecting natural resources.
Since the 1980s, cold fog technology has become more and more important in greenhouse production, and its role has become increasingly important. Experience has shown that pesticides, water and energy can be used with the right equipment. At the heart of this technology is the use of water as a carrier to apply high concentrations of pesticides to harmful organisms, with a dose of approximately 20-60 liters per hectare. The optimum dose depends on the height of the plant and the density of the leaves as well as some other special factors such as the degree of plant susceptibility.
Cold fog technology is also known as UltraLowVolumeULV, which means that when the liquid is applied, the droplets of the solution become very small, and the diameter of the droplets is generally controlled at 1-50 microns to reach the maximum. Excellent space and surface distribution. This allows chemical residues to decompose quickly and at the same time shorten the onset of pesticides. In general, it takes 10-30 micron droplets to deal with flying insects, 20-40 micron droplets for leaf nematodes, and 30-50 micron droplets for fungal diseases. For fungal diseases, cold fog technology is more suitable for prevention and treatment. The generation of mist droplets Most machines currently on the market use compressed air to produce tiny droplets that are driven by a motor to generate a gas stream. The liquid is introduced into the nozzle of the machine under a certain pressure, where it is atomized into a very small droplet. Machines that use high pressure systems to create droplets are also on the market. Another way to create droplets is to use a turntable system. Typically, the droplets produced by this means are sprayed out by a controlled airflow generated by a fan inside the machine. With this type of machine, a very stable mist flow can be sprayed in the greenhouse.
Advantages of Cold Mist Technology The use of cold fog technology has the following advantages:
1. The machine is generally fully automatic, and the operator will only come into contact with the pesticide when the tank is empty, thus maximizing the operator's direct contact with the pesticide.
2. Compared to conventional pesticide spraying, the use of cold fog technology requires much less labor and time, thereby reducing labor costs.
3. Since the machine is fully automatic, it is completely possible to spray the liquid after the worker gets off work, so the use of labor can be more optimized.
4. It is possible to carry out an ideal and stable spraying of the medicament in the greenhouse, in particular, adding a stabilizer such as emulsified oil to the liquid medicine. These stabilizers allow the liquid droplets to float in the air for a long time and do not evaporate quickly.
5. Compared to conventional sprayers, the use of cold fog technology is greatly reduced in noise.
6. The loss of liquid medicine is reduced and the degree of pollution is also reduced.
7. Due to the reduced dose, the pests will be exposed to the drug mist for a long time.
8. The liquid leaf surface can be more ideally distributed, which is conducive to the poisoning of pests.
Purchase and use of equipment If a grower has an interest in a cold fog machine and intends to purchase it, the following items should be carefully checked before making a final decision.
1. Can the equipment work fully or semi-automatically? If so, you can leave a lot of work to the machine to get rid of people.
2. Is the machine's canister large enough to minimize the number of supplements?
3. If a wettable powder is applied using the device, is there a problem? If the equipment uses a high pressure system, what measures the manufacturer has taken to avoid clogging of the orifices.
4. Is the controlled airflow guaranteed (note that a large fan does not always mean good performance)? A general fan plus a nozzle may cause turbulence, making it difficult to ensure uniformity of the sprayed mist.
5. Whether the machine is equipped with an agitation system to ensure that the mixture is always in suspension, especially when using wettable powders.
6. Does the machine have a complete ventilation system.
7. Can the machine produce the droplets we need?
8. If the machine is equipped with an air compressor, the seal is effective to avoid damage to the plant caused by oil leakage. After all the above questions can be satisfactorily answered, decide whether to buy a cold fog machine.
Precautions for use After the machine is purchased, be sure to pay attention to some basic items. Water as a carrier of the drug must be sufficient. For most of the shorter plants, such as potted plants and most cut flowers, this means at least 2 litres of water per 1000 square meters, plus chemicals and stabilizers. If the plants are relatively tall and the plants with higher leaf density, at least 5 liters of water is needed for every 1000 square meters. Also in this case, it is preferable to use a fan in the greenhouse at the same time so that the droplets are well diffused. In general, the more water there is, the more droplets the machine can produce, and the more droplets that can be stably diffused, the more droplets will hit the target. If the relative humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 85-90%, it is best to use a stabilizer, otherwise the droplets will evaporate quickly, affecting the efficacy. The more the droplets are, the better the coverage of the droplets on the back of the leaves. Experience has shown that the ratio of droplets to leaf and leaf back coverage is 1:8. This means that when more water is used, the amount of droplets is increased and the droplets covering the back of the leaf are increased. Do not work the machine directly under the plant, let it work above 30-50 cm of the height of the plant, or place it on the main channel to avoid phytotoxicity caused by excessive concentration of the liquid. The diffusion of the droplets should be smooth and free of obstacles. The correct dose and solution ratio must be guaranteed. A clean, slightly warm (about 20-30 ° C) water solution should be used. In fact, almost all pesticides that can be used for conventional spraying with water can use cold fog technology. Of course, before you do this, you should also look at the instructions for use of the drug. A versatile system is increasingly used in greenhouses throughout Europe due to the many advantages of cold fog technology. Due to the large number of machines available, machines for all sizes of greenhouses can be found, so cold fog technology can be applied in almost all greenhouses.
In the past few years, biocontrol technology has made great progress, and many pests and diseases can be solved by biological control techniques. However, in the case of serious pests and diseases, I am afraid that only chemical pesticides can solve the problem. In this case, cold fog technology can be seen as an "emergency rescue team." Not only can the problem be solved effectively, but the negative effects inherent in pesticides can be minimized.
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