Italy is known as the “stone kingdomâ€, and its production and import and export volume have long ranked first in the world. Especially in the 20th century is the century of Italian natural stone industry. For 100 years, Italy has monopolized the international trade of natural stone. The stone industry is a major component of the country's national income and foreign exchange sources. No matter where you see stone products, the above mark They are all made "Madeinltaly" made in Italy, and the quality of the products and related stone mining and processing equipment are also world-class. Italian natural stone products have become a well-known mass product. Coupled with new processing and finishing techniques, fast and efficient production and processing, price reductions, and outstanding growth in natural stone consumption, the market for the Italian natural stone industry has grown by the 1980s.
Since then, due to the rise of the stone industry in other countries, Italy has lost a lot of market share, the status of “stone kingdom†has gradually declined, and its production in the world's total stone production; has been reduced from 30% in the mid-1980s 25% in the early 1980s, 22.1% in 1993, 19.8% in 1994, 19.2% in 1995, 17% in 1999, and 13% in 2003, still in a downward trend. In 1995, Italy's stone products could still reach 40% of the market share, and in 2003, it only accounted for more than 17%. Ten years ago, Italian stone exports accounted for 20.7% of the world's total, and in 2003 it fell to 10%. In addition, the situation of the stone machinery industry is also not good.
The main problem is that patents are hard to protect, and some Asian emerging countries are not as good at technology as Italy, but they are growing at a fairly rapid rate. For a long time, the most important export market for the Italian natural stone industry was Germany, but in 1999, it gave way to the United States in 1999. Italy imported 2.6 million tons of natural stone, about 600 million euros, and stone exports amounted to about 19.8. One hundred million US dollars, of which exported various materials worth US$428.7 million to the United States, accounting for 41% of the US import share. In 2001, exports to the United States continued to increase, with an export value of 584 million euros. In 2003, the amount of stone exported from Italy to the United States increased again, with an export value of 700 million euros. The export value increased by 18% compared with 2002, and the export volume increased by 30%. Therefore, Italy is the largest stone supplier in the United States.
In 2003, Italy exported various stone materials to nearly 170 countries and regions, with a total export value of about 2.3 billion US dollars, down 4% from 2.1 billion euros in 2001. In 2003, the export value of Italian stone machinery was about 700 million US dollars, down 5% from 652 million euros in 2001. In 2003, the export value of other auxiliary materials for Italian stone was about 300 million US dollars. Therefore, Italian stone has made a great contribution to the country's foreign trade. As of 2003, Italy has sold its own stone production equipment to more than 129 countries and regions. On the basis of increased sales to countries and regions, the number of sales has also increased. From a global perspective, Italian stone exports to Europe amount 600 million euros a year, and exports to Asia amount 200 million euros. The country that buys the most Italian stone equipment is Spain, about 400 million euros; the second is the United States and Turkey, 70 million euros and 30 million euros respectively; the fourth is Germany 26 million euros; the fifth is Iran 24 million EUR.
In the use of stone, Italy has always attached importance to the use of stone in the home. Marble and other stone materials account for 56% of the total use, and 70% of households tend to use stone because the stone is elegant and natural. The rest of the family tends to use no stone, the reason is that "the stone is too expensive."
Italian stone resources are extremely rich, and the production of minerals is dotted. In particular, the eastern part of the Alps, centered on the west coast of Carrara and Verona, is the most famous. The former mainly produces white-gray high-quality marble; the latter produces dark green, red and beige marble. The main large stone deposits in Italy are:
1. The Macholie Lake granite deposit, located near Lake Orta, produces white granite.
2. Lombard marble deposit, located on the Lombard slope in front of the Alps in the Po River Plain. The marble is light beige and has a deep texture and is easy to process.
3. The Alexis and Liben marble deposits, distributed in the eastern part of Veneto, are light gray and dark blue and are contaminated by fossil fragments.
4. Toscana marble deposit, with a distribution range of 6000km2, mainly produces white and green marble, granulated white marble, and breccia and patterned marble suitable for sculpture.
5, Tivoli and La Plano travertine, it is formed by chemical deposition in the lake environment, the thickness of the ore layer is 50-60m, milky white, brown.
6. The St. Nicholas and Aplono travertine deposits, located near the Adriatic coast, are beige and brown with a reddish and brown texture.
7. The Sicilian marble deposit, located in the Trabba area, is pale white with a brown pattern and spots or veins.
8. Sardinian granite deposits in white and violet.
The products produced in these large mining areas are not only of excellent quality but also of great adaptability.
Faced with the rise of the world's stone industry in the developing world, the Italian stone industry is changing its strategy, accelerating its transformation, vigorously improving its technology and perfecting its organization, and conducting some basic research at all times. In the face of the market, the future of the Italian stone industry is not only the product itself, but also the technology and knowledge of manufacturing products. It is quite flexible in terms of specific practices. For example, the Italian Stone Machinery Association and the foreign trade department have set up technical centers in Brazil and mainland China to teach local industry players how to use Italian stone machinery, hoping to build a market foundation deeper; The quality is especially studied for the machinability of hard rock and the durability of the exterior wall facing stone. The geologic statistics are used to study the field rock formations of the deposit to analyze the fracture degree of the rock 9 quantitatively determine the joint fissures and waste. The regularity between the material rates;
Use operations research to formulate production plans, formulate stone product standards, etc.; determine mine geological exploration design work based on the specific conditions of the mine, and do not carry out the work of excavation for the expansion of the old mining mine with long history; , fine processing, high quality and good price, high price. In general, the large-volume supply of standard plates is mostly medium-grade stone with common colors, easy to obtain, and moderate price. If there are special requirements for the color, the price is negotiable; in order to realize the full use of resources, improve labor productivity, and save the increasingly expensive labor force, large-scale automated production lines are generally adopted, the degree of automation is quite high, and many equipments have achieved numerical control and program control. Product accuracy has been greatly improved. In particular, in recent years, the Italian government is actively promoting the development of overseas stone resources in order to save its own stone resources and extend mining time.
The Italian stone industry began to turn its attention to Pakistan and cooperated in the development of marble and granite deposits. To this end, on March 15, 2004, the Italian Consulate General in Karachi held the "Italian Marble and Granite Processing Machinery and Technology Conference" at the Stone Culture Festival held in Karachi. Eight Italian stone companies participated in the conference, using Italian advanced stone mining, processing technology and machinery to seek Pakistan partners. Invest in the development of stone resources. Pakistan is rich in high-quality marble, granite, onyx and mineral resources, but mining and processing technology is backward. Stone mining has long used the original method of placing explosives on the eye. This method not only limits the volume of quarrying, but also causes mining loss rates of up to 61% and 73%, reduces production, and makes the supply of stone raw materials unstable. The backward processing technology and equipment also make the processing loss rate reach 45%-55%, the finished product quality is not high, and the foreign exchange earning capacity is low. The development level of the processing industry is extremely disproportionate with the resource level. For the Italian investment and cooperation in the development of stone resources, all parties in Pakistan expressed their warm welcome.
Since then, due to the rise of the stone industry in other countries, Italy has lost a lot of market share, the status of “stone kingdom†has gradually declined, and its production in the world's total stone production; has been reduced from 30% in the mid-1980s 25% in the early 1980s, 22.1% in 1993, 19.8% in 1994, 19.2% in 1995, 17% in 1999, and 13% in 2003, still in a downward trend. In 1995, Italy's stone products could still reach 40% of the market share, and in 2003, it only accounted for more than 17%. Ten years ago, Italian stone exports accounted for 20.7% of the world's total, and in 2003 it fell to 10%. In addition, the situation of the stone machinery industry is also not good.
The main problem is that patents are hard to protect, and some Asian emerging countries are not as good at technology as Italy, but they are growing at a fairly rapid rate. For a long time, the most important export market for the Italian natural stone industry was Germany, but in 1999, it gave way to the United States in 1999. Italy imported 2.6 million tons of natural stone, about 600 million euros, and stone exports amounted to about 19.8. One hundred million US dollars, of which exported various materials worth US$428.7 million to the United States, accounting for 41% of the US import share. In 2001, exports to the United States continued to increase, with an export value of 584 million euros. In 2003, the amount of stone exported from Italy to the United States increased again, with an export value of 700 million euros. The export value increased by 18% compared with 2002, and the export volume increased by 30%. Therefore, Italy is the largest stone supplier in the United States.
In 2003, Italy exported various stone materials to nearly 170 countries and regions, with a total export value of about 2.3 billion US dollars, down 4% from 2.1 billion euros in 2001. In 2003, the export value of Italian stone machinery was about 700 million US dollars, down 5% from 652 million euros in 2001. In 2003, the export value of other auxiliary materials for Italian stone was about 300 million US dollars. Therefore, Italian stone has made a great contribution to the country's foreign trade. As of 2003, Italy has sold its own stone production equipment to more than 129 countries and regions. On the basis of increased sales to countries and regions, the number of sales has also increased. From a global perspective, Italian stone exports to Europe amount 600 million euros a year, and exports to Asia amount 200 million euros. The country that buys the most Italian stone equipment is Spain, about 400 million euros; the second is the United States and Turkey, 70 million euros and 30 million euros respectively; the fourth is Germany 26 million euros; the fifth is Iran 24 million EUR.
In the use of stone, Italy has always attached importance to the use of stone in the home. Marble and other stone materials account for 56% of the total use, and 70% of households tend to use stone because the stone is elegant and natural. The rest of the family tends to use no stone, the reason is that "the stone is too expensive."
Italian stone resources are extremely rich, and the production of minerals is dotted. In particular, the eastern part of the Alps, centered on the west coast of Carrara and Verona, is the most famous. The former mainly produces white-gray high-quality marble; the latter produces dark green, red and beige marble. The main large stone deposits in Italy are:
1. The Macholie Lake granite deposit, located near Lake Orta, produces white granite.
2. Lombard marble deposit, located on the Lombard slope in front of the Alps in the Po River Plain. The marble is light beige and has a deep texture and is easy to process.
3. The Alexis and Liben marble deposits, distributed in the eastern part of Veneto, are light gray and dark blue and are contaminated by fossil fragments.
4. Toscana marble deposit, with a distribution range of 6000km2, mainly produces white and green marble, granulated white marble, and breccia and patterned marble suitable for sculpture.
5, Tivoli and La Plano travertine, it is formed by chemical deposition in the lake environment, the thickness of the ore layer is 50-60m, milky white, brown.
6. The St. Nicholas and Aplono travertine deposits, located near the Adriatic coast, are beige and brown with a reddish and brown texture.
7. The Sicilian marble deposit, located in the Trabba area, is pale white with a brown pattern and spots or veins.
8. Sardinian granite deposits in white and violet.
The products produced in these large mining areas are not only of excellent quality but also of great adaptability.
Faced with the rise of the world's stone industry in the developing world, the Italian stone industry is changing its strategy, accelerating its transformation, vigorously improving its technology and perfecting its organization, and conducting some basic research at all times. In the face of the market, the future of the Italian stone industry is not only the product itself, but also the technology and knowledge of manufacturing products. It is quite flexible in terms of specific practices. For example, the Italian Stone Machinery Association and the foreign trade department have set up technical centers in Brazil and mainland China to teach local industry players how to use Italian stone machinery, hoping to build a market foundation deeper; The quality is especially studied for the machinability of hard rock and the durability of the exterior wall facing stone. The geologic statistics are used to study the field rock formations of the deposit to analyze the fracture degree of the rock 9 quantitatively determine the joint fissures and waste. The regularity between the material rates;
Use operations research to formulate production plans, formulate stone product standards, etc.; determine mine geological exploration design work based on the specific conditions of the mine, and do not carry out the work of excavation for the expansion of the old mining mine with long history; , fine processing, high quality and good price, high price. In general, the large-volume supply of standard plates is mostly medium-grade stone with common colors, easy to obtain, and moderate price. If there are special requirements for the color, the price is negotiable; in order to realize the full use of resources, improve labor productivity, and save the increasingly expensive labor force, large-scale automated production lines are generally adopted, the degree of automation is quite high, and many equipments have achieved numerical control and program control. Product accuracy has been greatly improved. In particular, in recent years, the Italian government is actively promoting the development of overseas stone resources in order to save its own stone resources and extend mining time.
The Italian stone industry began to turn its attention to Pakistan and cooperated in the development of marble and granite deposits. To this end, on March 15, 2004, the Italian Consulate General in Karachi held the "Italian Marble and Granite Processing Machinery and Technology Conference" at the Stone Culture Festival held in Karachi. Eight Italian stone companies participated in the conference, using Italian advanced stone mining, processing technology and machinery to seek Pakistan partners. Invest in the development of stone resources. Pakistan is rich in high-quality marble, granite, onyx and mineral resources, but mining and processing technology is backward. Stone mining has long used the original method of placing explosives on the eye. This method not only limits the volume of quarrying, but also causes mining loss rates of up to 61% and 73%, reduces production, and makes the supply of stone raw materials unstable. The backward processing technology and equipment also make the processing loss rate reach 45%-55%, the finished product quality is not high, and the foreign exchange earning capacity is low. The development level of the processing industry is extremely disproportionate with the resource level. For the Italian investment and cooperation in the development of stone resources, all parties in Pakistan expressed their warm welcome.
Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to crumble into small granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged shards as plate glass (a.k.a. annealed glass) does. The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury. Toughened glass is a kind of safety glass.
Toughened glass can be made on customer's request, clear toughened glass, ultra clear toughened glass, colored tinted toughened glass, printed toughened glass, back painted toughened glass, frosted toughened glass, toughened Laminated Glass, toughened Insulated Glass, toughened Vacuum Insulated Glass and so on.
Toughened glass can be used for furniture, buildings, doors, windows, walls, table tops, fence, partitions, railings, balcony, balustrade, shower room and so on.
toughened glass, clear toughened glass, color tinted toughened glass, ultra clear toughened glass, back painted toughened glass, silk printed toughened glass
Shanghai Lead Glass Co.,Ltd , https://www.leadglazing.com