Communicate with the controller
Advanced probing technology is integrated with the machine's controller and software. For example, Datron Dynamics has successfully developed the third generation of integrated detection systems as a manufacturer of high-speed CNC milling machines and engraving machines. It first checks to ensure that the workpiece is properly positioned, then scans and identifies the workpiece to select the appropriate machining program. The company's president, Dr. Walter Schnecker, said, “Even if the operator misplaces other workpieces, the machine can still produce a qualified product, because the probe determines the correct machining procedure for the workpiece by scanning. Those small and medium-sized workpieces are often changed. The workshop recognizes that because the machine tool has the function of automatically detecting the accuracy of workpiece clamping, it can reduce the time it takes to change the workpiece and shorten the processing cycle."
The Z-calibrated probe mounted on the Datron machine can identify irregular surface topography on the workpiece. These irregularities may be caused by accidental factors or may be specially designed. The probe can assist the machine in dynamic compensation. The probe measures along the surface of the blank and inputs the data to the machine controller. The controller automatically adjusts for uneven surface or workpiece position, which reduces the installation and commissioning time of the workpiece blank and reduces the reject rate.
The Z-corrected probe is permanently mounted close to the spindle and is only driven by pneumatic drive when needed. Thanks to the integrated design, there is no need to replace it, there is no cable that can interfere with the machining, and the measuring device is not damaged by the sudden start of the spindle.
When performing three-dimensional inspection, the Z-correction probe can determine the position of the workpiece and the irregular surface of the material surface in the XYZ coordinate system, find the center position of the hole and the boss, measure the blank before processing, and compensate the machining allowance. The change, the data is input into the ISO9000 information chain for quality control, and allows for the reverse engineering of various parts.
The Datron machine with the Renishaw TP20 probe can be used to measure complex parts and their characteristic parameters. For example, engraving the logo on a circular surface "usually requires three-dimensional programming to achieve surface depth variation processing and to ensure equal engraving depth. After scanning the workpiece surface with the TP20 probe", the processing database can be automatically performed for irregular surface changes. Processing without 3D programming. The TP20 is a six-way motion-trigger probe system that reduces cycle times.
Slight contact measurement
The Zeiss F25 measuring machine uses a contact measuring system combined with an optical measuring system with three sensors – two for measurement and one for auxiliary operation. A full-scan contact sensor based on a piezo film can be used for both point-contact measurements and full-scan measurements. According to Gerrit deGlee, the company's new product manager for precision measuring machines, the probe probe can be as small as Ø0.12mm in diameter and the touch force is only 1/100 of the normal CMM's touch force. “This is very important because the workpiece clamping force can be smaller. Micro-workpieces are easily deformed during clamping, so the workpiece must be clamped very carefully so that the measurement can be completed smoothly without causing deformation of the workpiece.â€
The optical measuring system of the F25 measuring machine is mounted next to the contact sensor and can be used either alone or in combination with a contact sensor. The system has an annular source that is programmable with light intensity and illumination direction to reduce unwanted shadows.
When measuring very small workpieces or microtopography, it is difficult for the operator to observe the operation. For example, the Ø0.12mm probe head of the F25 measuring machine is not visible without amplification. The measuring machine is therefore equipped with an optical system that magnifies the measuring area of ​​the contact probe and displays it on the monitor screen for the operator to write the program. The optical inspection system displays the measurement results directly on the measurement software screen.
The F25 measuring machine is not a workshop instrument, it has high precision, but does not have the control function of temperature influence in the workshop environment. The measurement uncertainty of this instrument is less than 250nm. With such high precision, the influence of temperature on measurement will be great. The instrument uses a glass ceramic reference ruler with good thermal stability. Originally developed for astronomical telescopes, this glass-ceramic material avoids the influence of the thermal expansion coefficient of the reference on the measurement uncertainty, and the scale itself does not require a temperature sensor.
Non-contact probe
The Smartscope multi-sensor measurement system from OGP USA uses a micro-touch technology that does not require bending when the probe is touched. This technique, called the "feather probe", uses a miniature probe that is in a state of constant micromotion. The probe of this probe is very thin, and the tip of the probe has a tip diameter of only Ø0.125mm. When the tip is close to the workpiece being tested, the surface of the workpiece causes a change in the micro-motion of the tip, which is recorded as a measurement signal. This type of probe does not undergo bending deformation when touched, and the touch force is less than 1 mg. According to OGP, the “feather probe†is suitable for measuring small grooves, holes or orifice slopes, and can also be used to measure soft or deformable workpieces. It can be used for the measurement of the XYZ axis.
To prevent damage, the probe retracts into a protective cover when not in use and extends when automatic measurements are required.
Another surface non-contact measurement sensor from OGP is a white light sensor called the “Rainbow Probeâ€, which has a very high resolution in both the lateral and height directions, and the resolution on the Z-axis can reach sub-micron. This technique uses the principle of extended axial dispersion in a set of lenses, each wavelength of white light being focused at a different point on the optical axis. Due to the chromatographic analysis, the “Rainbow Probe†is insensitive to changes in the reflectivity and roughness of the surface being measured. When used in a multi-sensor measurement system, the probe can perform non-contact scanning measurements on the fine topography of the high frequency surface along the contour of the workpiece surface of virtually any shape. An area topology map of the workpiece surface can be created by scanning in the neighborhood.
Multi-sensor system integration
For workpieces with complex geometries and free contours, the tolerance of the holes or feature points is small, and the mutual positional relationship of many feature points on the workpiece is very important, which requires multi-sensor measurement system for detection. The multi-sensor measuring machine can measure the special shape of the workpiece with a special sensor as part of the overall feature of the workpiece.
In multi-sensor measurement systems, software integration of sensors is an important development. A good integration package can calibrate all the sensors in use so that they can be used at any point in the measurement path: a poor integrated package requires calibration of each sensor before each use. In addition, a good integrated software package can process and analyze the measurement data of any sensor, so that it can easily process the video edge point data, laser point cloud data and contact scanning probe obtained in one measurement process. Measurement data.
FredMason, president of OGP, pointed out that "the advantage of the multi-sensor multi-sensor measurement system with micro-probe compared to the dedicated micro-measurement system is that it can include the micro-morphology measurement data and macro-morphology size and position data of the entire workpiece. In the same data file." A high-resolution measurement system with a large range of traditional video measurement systems and a micro-probe can measure key microscopic features or a critical parameter on a workpiece.
Microsensors can be used in multi-sensor measurement systems of almost any size. For video measurement systems, the main consideration is to ensure that the instrument has the necessary, high-resolution positioning capability over the entire measurement range to obtain high-magnification images of specific parts of the workpiece. The micro-measuring head can achieve the highest measurement accuracy only when the measuring system has high precision. Only by combining video image measurement with micro-measurement measurement in the same measurement process can the complete workpiece feature be obtained while minimizing the effects of human factors.
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