The Qing Dynasty has experienced nearly 300 years of history. Furniture has inherited, evolved, and developed, forming its uniqueness in many aspects such as form, materials, and craftsmanship. The sitting and lying homes in the Qing Dynasty had Taishi chairs, armchairs, circle chairs, recliners, cross chairs, even chairs, stools, æŒ, cross huts, piers, beds, couches, etc .; Kang table, desk, dressing table, strip table (case), supply table (case), flower table, coffee table, etc .; storage class homes have Bogu cabinet racks, grids, stuffy reed cabinets, bookcases, boxes, etc .; other furniture and seat screens , Screens, lamp stands, etc.
The details are as follows:
1. Heavy shape and many forms.
The style of Qing-style furniture is completely different from the style of Ming-style furniture. First of all, it is thick and heavy. The overall size of the furniture is wider and larger than that of Ming-style furniture. Correspondingly, the overall size and materials of the parts are also increased. Big. For example, the Taishi chair of the Qing Dynasty, the three-screen backrest, tooth bars, and leg steps are coordinated, forming a very stable and strong momentum. This is a typical representative of Qing-style furniture.
Qing style furniture inherits the mortise and tenon structure of Ming style furniture, and fully utilizes the characteristics of bolt-and-tongue. It has excellent skills and meticulous attention. All the tables, chairs and screens inlaid in the stone or wood are tightly jointed at the junction or corner of stone and wood, without repair marks, and they are integrated into a flat and smooth integration.
The main material of the furniture, the wood is very finely selected, the appearance is consistent, no knots, no injuries, complete without defects. The components and parts of hardwood furniture, such as drawer boards and table bottom boards, are made of hardwood.
The styles of Qing-style furniture are also more diverse than those of the Ming Dynasty. For example, the emerging furniture Taishi chairs of the Qing Dynasty include three-screen backrest Taishi chairs, crutch-back Taishi chairs, floral armrest back Taishi chairs and so on.
2. Extensive materials and rich decoration.
The Qing-style furniture is heavily decorated and quite gorgeous, making full use of carving, embedding, painting, stacking and other technical means. Carving and inlays are the main methods of Qing-style furniture decoration. Carved lacquer had great changes and development in the Qing Dynasty. Fujian carving lacquer is famous. There are porcelain inlay, jade inlay, stone inlay, enamel inlay, bamboo inlay, screw inlay and bone inlay. In addition to inheriting the original form of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty also developed snail inlays, resulting in bone inlays, enamel inlays, and porcelain inlays.
3. The role of bone inlay.
Although bone inlays were used for decoration of utensils very early, the use of bone inlays in furniture was a pioneering work of the Qing Dynasty. The heyday of bone inlay is the middle of Qianlong, and its artistic characteristics are:
(1). The bone inlaying technology is excellent, and the carving is skillful. The process is kept porous, multi-branch, multi-node, small and angular, which is suitable for gluing and preventing shedding. Although it lasts for a long time, it still maintains a complete image.
(2) The expression form of bone inlay is divided into three types: high inlay, flat inlay and high flat inlay.
The early and high seasons are high-embedded and high-embedded embeddings.
(3) Most of the materials used for bone inlays are precious woods such as mahogany, rosewood, etc. Because of their hard and dense wood, inlaying bone inlays is more ancient and simple.
(4) The theme of bone inlays can be roughly divided into four categories: character stories, landscapes, still lifes of flowers and birds, and patterns.
Due to the development of arts and crafts, furniture production has been able to carry out comprehensive decoration treatments by means of arts and crafts everywhere. The decoration of Qing-style furniture uses a variety of materials and a combination of techniques to form its own characteristics, which is unmatched by all dynasties.
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