Overview of WPCS Wind Power Control System
First, the system overview
The wind farm has the characteristics of a wide range of unit layout and the harsh natural environment of the equipment. The WPCS wind power control system is designed for large wind turbines. The products integrate the most advanced power electronics, microelectronics, network and software technologies. The network structure is as follows:
Wind power control system network structure diagram
The WPCS wind power control system includes on-site wind turbine control unit, high-speed ring-type redundant fiber-optic Ethernet, and remote host computer operator station.
Second, wind turbine control unit (WPCU)
The Wind Turbine Control Unit (WPCU) is the control core of each wind turbine and is distributed in the tower and nacelle of the unit. Due to the harsh operating environment of the wind turbine, the reliability requirements of the control system are very high. The WPCS wind power control system is designed for the operation requirements of large-scale wind farms. It has high environmental adaptability and anti-electromagnetic interference. The system structure is as follows:
The on-site control station of the WPCS wind power control system includes: tower main controller rack, cabin control station rack, pitch system, converter system, on-site touch screen station, Ethernet switch, fieldbus communication network, UPS power supply, emergency Shutdown backup system, etc.
Third, remote monitoring system (WPCM)
All wind turbines are connected to the upper computer operator station of the main control room through fiber optic Ethernet to realize remote monitoring of the entire wind farm. The host computer monitoring software has the following functions:
1 The system has a friendly control interface.
2 The system displays the operation data of each unit, such as the instantaneous power generation, cumulative power generation, power generation hours, wind turbine and motor speed, wind speed, wind direction, etc. of each unit, and transfers the data of the lower unit to the upper computer. It is displayed on the display and can be visually displayed in the form of a curve or a chart if necessary.
3 The system displays the operating status of each wind turbine, such as starting, stopping, steering, hand/automatic control, and large/small generator operation. The status of each wind farm is known through the status of each wind turbine.
4 The system can display the faults that occurred during the operation of each unit in time.
5 The system can achieve centralized control of the wind turbine. In the centralized control room, the duty officer can change the setting state and control the lower position machine only by operating the corresponding key indicating a certain function.
6 system management. The monitoring software has the function of timed printing and manual instant printing of running data and automatic fault recording to check the history of wind farm operation at any time.
Fourth, WPCS wind power control system function
The WPCS wind power control system has the following basic functions:
1. Data acquisition (DAS) function The relevant parameters for monitoring during operation of the unit include:
(1) Grid parameters, including grid three-phase voltage, three-phase current, grid frequency, power factor, etc. Voltage fault detection: grid voltage flicker, over voltage, low voltage, voltage drop, phase sequence fault, three-phase asymmetry, etc.
(2) Meteorological parameters, including wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, etc.
(3) Unit status parameter detection, including: rotor speed, generator speed, generator coil temperature, generator front and rear bearing temperature, gearbox oil temperature, gearbox front and rear bearing temperature, hydraulic system oil temperature, oil pressure, oil level , cabin vibration, cable torsion, cabin temperature, etc.
2. Start-stop and power generation control of the unit (1) The main control system detects the grid parameters, meteorological parameters, and unit operating parameters. When the conditions are met, the yaw system is activated to perform automatic cable unwinding and wind control, releasing the brake discs of the unit and adjusting At the pitch angle, the windmill starts to rotate freely and enters the standby state.
(2) When the wind speed monitored by the external meteorological system is greater than a certain value, the main control system starts the converter system to start the rotor excitation. When the output power of the generator stator is the same frequency, the same phase and the same amplitude as the grid, the closing of the closing outlet The device realizes grid-connected power generation.
(3) Wind turbine power and speed adjustment According to the characteristics of the wind turbine, when the unit is in the optimal tip speed ratio λ, the fan unit will capture the maximum energy. Although the unit speed can theoretically run at any speed, it is subject to The actual unit speed limit and system power limit have to be divided into the following operating areas: the variable speed operation area, the constant speed operation area and the constant power operation area. Operating conditions within rated power include: variable speed operating zone (optimum λ) and constant speed operating zone.
When the fan is connected to the grid, if the speed is less than the limit speed and the power is lower than the rated power, adjust the speed of the wind wheel according to the current actual wind speed, so that the unit works in the state of capturing the maximum wind energy.
3, wind power control system auxiliary equipment logic (1) generator system monitor generator operating parameters, through 3 cooling fans and 4 electric heaters, control generator coil temperature, bearing temperature, slip ring chamber temperature in the appropriate range, The relevant logic is as follows:
When the temperature of the generator rises to a certain set value, the cooling fan is started. When the temperature drops to a certain set value, the fan operation is stopped; when the temperature of the generator is too high or too low and exceeds the limit, an alarm signal is issued, and Perform a safe shutdown procedure.
When the temperature is lower to a certain set value, the electric heater is started, and when the temperature rises to a certain set value, the heater operation is stopped; at the same time, the electric heater is also used to control the temperature end difference of the generator within a reasonable range. Inside.
(2) Hydraulic system The hydraulic system of the unit is used for yaw system braking and mechanical brake disc drive. When the unit is normal, it is necessary to maintain the rated pressure range.
The hydraulic pump controls the hydraulic system pressure. When the pressure drops to the set value, the oil pump is started. When the pressure rises to a certain set value, the pump is stopped.
(3) Meteorological system The meteorological system is an intelligent meteorological measuring instrument that communicates with the controller through the RS485 port and collects meteorological parameters outside the cabin to the control system.
The heater of the meteorological measurement system is controlled according to the ambient temperature to prevent icing. The flashing obstacle light is controlled, and a flashing obstacle light is installed at the end of each blade to light up at night. The cabin fan controls the ambient temperature inside the cabin.
(4) Electric pitch system The pitch system includes the motor, driver, and main control PLC on each blade. The PLC communicates with the main control system of the unit through the CAN bus, which is the pitch adjustment in the wind power control system. The control unit, the pitch system has a backup DO feather control interface.
(5) Speed-increasing gearbox system The gearbox system is used to increase the speed of the wind turbine to the normal speed operating range of the doubly-fed generator. It is necessary to monitor and control the gear oil pump, gear oil cooler, heater, lubricating oil pump, etc. .
When the gear oil pressure is lower than the set value, the gear oil pump is started; when the pressure is higher than the set value, the gear oil pump is stopped. When the pressure is exceeded, an alarm is issued and the shutdown procedure is executed.
Gear oil cooler / heater control gear oil temperature: When the temperature is lower than the set value, start the heater, stop the heater when the temperature is higher than the set value; when the temperature is higher than a set value, start the gear oil The cooler stops the gear oil cooler when the temperature drops to the set value.
Lubricating oil pump control, when the lubricating oil pressure is lower than the set value, start the lubricating oil pump, when the oil pressure is higher than a certain set value, stop the lubricating oil pump.
(6) The yaw system control adjusts the CW (clockwise) and CCW (counterclockwise) motors according to the current cabin angle and the measured low-frequency average wind direction signal value, as well as the current operating state and load signal of the unit, to achieve automatic wind, Cable unwinding control.
Automatic wind control: When the unit is in running state or standby state, the CW and CCW motors are adjusted according to the deviation of the cabin angle and the measured wind direction to realize automatic wind adjustment. (The yaw is set at the set yaw speed, and the running state of the yaw motor needs to be detected.) Automatic cable unwinding control: When the unit is in the pause state, if the cabin is twisted more than 720 degrees in a certain direction, the automatic start is started. The cable unwinding procedure, or when the unit is in operation, if the twist is greater than 1024 degrees, the cable unwinding procedure is implemented.
(7) High-power converter communication The main controller communicates with the converter through the CANOPEN communication bus, and the converter realizes grid-connected/off-network control, generator speed regulation, active power control, and reactive power control:
Grid-connected and off-grid: The converter system controls the output power of the generator stator to the same frequency, in phase, and the same amplitude according to the command of the main control, and then drives the stator outlet contactor to close. When the generating power of the unit is less than a certain value for several seconds or when the fan or the power grid fails to operate, the converter drives the stator exit contactor of the generator to open, and the unit is disconnected.
Generator speed regulation: When the unit is running in the following stage of rated load, the unit is operated at the optimal λ curve by controlling the generator speed. By measuring the real-time torque value as an anemometer, the unit is adjusted to the optimal state. run.
Power control: When the unit enters the constant power zone, it maintains the power of the unit output through the communication command with the inverter.
Reactive power control: Reactive power control or power factor adjustment through communication commands with the inverter.
(8) Safety chain circuit The safety chain circuit is independent of the main control system and executes the emergency stop logic in parallel. All relevant drive circuits are backed up by the backup battery to ensure reliable execution of the system in an emergency.
V. Conclusion
As a green renewable energy source, wind power has been strongly supported by the national industrial policy in recent years. It is also in this context that Keyuan's research on wind power control system. China has made great progress in the manufacturing technology of wind turbines, gearboxes and blades, but it includes control of variable speed constant frequency control system, pitch system, main control system, access system and wind farm integrated monitoring system. There are still big gaps between the key technologies of the system and foreign countries. At present, almost all of them are imported from abroad, and foreign manufacturers have blocked some key technologies. Therefore, from the perspective of breaking foreign technology monopoly, ensuring national power security and sharing huge wind power market, the successful development of WPCS wind power control system will have great practical significance.
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