There are many types of biological fertilizers (microbial fertilizers). According to the specific microbial species in the products, they can be divided into bacterial fertilizers (such as rhizobial fertilizers, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizers), actinomycetes fertilizers (such as antibiotic fertilizers), and fungal fertilizers (such as Mycorrhizal fungi); according to its mechanism of action, it is divided into rhizobial fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing fertilizer (self-generated or joint symbiosis), phosphate-dissolving fertilizer, and silicate fungus; it is divided into single microbial fertilizer according to its product content. And compounding (or compounding) microbial fertilizers. The compound microbial fertilizer is compounded with bacteria and bacteria, and is also compounded with bacteria and various additives.
The main varieties appearing on the market in China are: nitrogen-fixing fungi, rhizobial fertilizers, phosphate-dissolving microbial fertilizers, silicate bacterial fertilizers, photosynthetic bacterial fertilizers, Bacillus preparations, decomposition crop straw preparations, microbial growth regulators, Compound microbial fertilizers, preparations used in combination with PGPRs, AM mycorrhizal fungi, antibiotic 5406 fertilizers, and the like.
Characteristics of biological fertilizers: Microbial fertilizers are a kind of living bacteria products, and their efficacy is directly related to their fungi activity and methods of use.
(1) The core of the material refers to the species-specific effective living microorganisms. The effective viable cell count of any product has a clear regulation. When the effective viable count is reduced to a certain amount, its role will be lost.
(2) Microbial fertilizer is a kind of agricultural live bacterial preparation. It should pay attention to the suitable environment for the survival of microorganisms in the product from production to use, mainly water content, pH, temperature, residual sugar content in the carrier, packaging materials and so on.
(3) Microbial fertilizers have a long-term problem as a live bacterial preparation. When such products are produced, the viable bacteria content is higher, but with the preservation time and different transportation and storage conditions, the number of effective microorganisms in the product is gradually reduced. When it is reduced to a certain amount, its effective effect cannot be displayed. Therefore, it is of great significance to specify the expiration date and correct use of the product.
(4) The intended application of crops and applicable areas is an important guarantee for ensuring the effective function of microbial fertilizers. Promote targeted breeding of strains, such as those for alkaline soils, acidic soils, or strains for specific crops.
In addition, attention should be paid to the application technique, and it is also necessary to see whether the product has a market access permit. Bio-organic compound fertilizer is a high-tech product that combines the essence of traditional organic fertilizers with modern biotechnology. Its nutrient elements combine quick-acting, long-acting and synergistic effects, and have the functions of improving the quality of agricultural products, inhibiting soil-borne diseases, enhancing crop stress resistance, and promoting crop precocity. The main features are:
First, there is no pollution and no pollution. Bio-composite fertilizer is an effective combination of natural organic matter and biotechnology. It contains microbial agents that accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and provide a “power†for crop manufacturing or conversion of available nutrients. At the same time, the microbial agents have the functions of increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and activating potential nutrients in the soil.
Second, the formula is scientific and the nutrients are complete. Bio-organic compound fertilizers are generally based on organic substances, combined with a small amount of chemical fertilizers, scientifically matched according to the fertilizer requirements and fertilizer characteristics of crops, and perfectly combined with biological “activatorsâ€, in addition to containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Elements and calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, boron, zinc, selenium, molybdenum and other trace elements, also contains a large number of organic substances, humic acids and fertilizer synergists, complete nutrients, quick and easy, for Fertilizer balance, long-lasting fertilizer effect.
The third is to activate the soil and increase fertilizer efficiency. Bio-fertilizers have the effect of assisting in the release of potential nutrients in the soil. The conversion rate of nitrogen in the soil reaches 5-13.6%; the conversion rate of phosphorus and potassium in the soil can reach 7-15.7% and 8-16.6%.
The fourth is low cost and high output. In the third and fourth accumulation temperate zones with short growth period, bio-organic compound fertilizer can replace fertilizer to carry out one-time fertilization and reduce production cost. For example, soybeans are applied 30-40 kg of bio-composite special fertilizer per acre, and 50-75 kg of special fertilizer is applied per mu of corn, which is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, without the need for top dressing, which saves investment and saves labor. Compared with conventional application of chemical fertilizers, food crops can increase yield by 10-20% per mu in the case of equivalent input.
The fifth is to improve product quality and reduce harmful accumulation. Due to the dual action of activator and fertilizer synergist in biological compound fertilizer, it can promote the conversion of nitrate in crops and reduce the accumulation of nitrate in agricultural products. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer, the nitrate content in the product can be reduced by 20-30%, the VC content can be increased by 30-40%, and the soluble sugar can be increased by 1-4 degrees. The product tastes good, keeps fresh time and is resistant to storage.
The sixth is to effectively improve the fertility of cultivated land and improve the environment for fertilizing the soil. The spore-spreading polysaccharide overflowed by the activated bacteria in the biological fertilizer is a binder of the soil aggregate structure, which can loosen the soil, enhance the soil aggregate structure, improve the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, increase the soil organic matter, and activate the potential nutrients in the soil.
Seven is to suppress soil-borne diseases. Bio-fertilizer can promote crop rhizosphere benefit, microbial proliferation, and improve crop rhizosphere ecological environment. The increase of beneficial microorganisms and disease resistance factors can also significantly reduce the infection of soil-borne diseases and reduce the disease index of heavy crops. The continuous application can greatly alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles.
Eight is to promote early cropping.
The role of biological fertilizers: The efficacy of biological fertilizers (microbial fertilizers) is a comprehensive effect, mainly related to the source and effectiveness of nutrients, or related to the absorption of nutrients, water and disease resistance (insects). In general, the role of biological fertilizers (microbial fertilizers) is as follows:
1. Enhance soil fertility The application of nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer can increase the source of nitrogen in the soil; the phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving micro-fertilizer can decompose the insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil and convert it into phosphorus and potassium compounds that can be absorbed and utilized by crops. Improve the nutritional conditions of the crop.
2. Manufacture and assist crops to absorb nutrient rhizobium infesting the roots of legumes and fixing nitrogen in the air. Microorganisms can produce large amounts of plant growth hormone during reproduction, stimulate and regulate crop growth, make plants grow robust, and promote the absorption of nutrients.
3. Enhancing plant disease resistance and drought resistance Microbial fertilizers inhibit or reduce the reproductive opportunities of pathogenic microorganisms due to the large number of growth and reproduction in the roots of crops; the role of pathogenic microorganisms to reduce the disease of crops; the growth of microorganisms, the hyphae can increase the moisture Absorption, so that the drought resistance of crops is improved.
4. Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and improving crop quality After using microbial fertilizers, it has a certain effect on improving the quality of agricultural products, such as protein, sugar, vitamins, etc., and some can reduce the accumulation of nitrate. In some cases, the improvement in quality is more beneficial than the increase in yield.
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