Introduction
The power plant not only produces electrical energy, but also uses steam turbine generators to work as steam for the user to supply heat. Thermal power plants operating in cogeneration mode are called thermal power plants. The externally supplied steam source is the exhaust steam of the extraction steam turbine or the steam exhaust of the back steam turbine. The pressure is usually divided into 0.78 to 1.28 MPa and 0.12 to 0.25 MPa. The former is for industrial production and the latter for civilian heating. The cogeneration steam has no cold source loss, so it can increase the thermal efficiency to 85%, which is much higher than the large condensing unit (thermal efficiency of 40%). Cogeneration not only saves a lot of energy, but also improves environmental conditions and improves the living standards of residents. However, cogeneration combines the power generation of power plants with the heat of users, reducing flexibility and increasing investment in power plants. Therefore, only the urban planning and central heating districts should be arranged in an integrated manner, and a reasonable comprehensive construction plan can be determined under the conditions of sufficient heat load guarantee to receive good comprehensive benefits.
Specific requirements
Cogeneration It requires that the thermal power station and the relevant factories and urban houses be concentrated in a certain section to achieve the maximum economic benefits of energy use. The development of cogeneration in the West and Eastern European countries has reached a high level. The installed capacity of thermal power plants accounts for 30% of the total installed capacity of electric power, and is used for industrial production and district central heating. The paper, steel and chemical (including petrochemical) industries are the main users of cogeneration, they are not only large consumers who consume electricity, but also waste and exhaust gas (such as blast furnace gas) discharged from the production process can be used as a cogeneration unit. Fuel. Urban industrial areas and densely populated areas are also the main targets for the development of cogeneration, but attention should be paid to the analysis of local heat load. The general heating coefficient should not be less than 0.5 (the industrial heat load annual utilization hours are more than 3500 hours, residents winter Heating is not less than 3 months). The heating distance of a thermal power plant usually does not exceed 5-8 km. There is a high demand for the quality of fuel for cogeneration (mainly sulfur and phosphorus), and the site should be selected in the downwind direction of the city's prevailing winds to avoid pollution of the urban environment.
When the steam is excessive during cogeneration, the air conditioner and domestic water can be used to solve the problem with an absorption air conditioner.
The steam generated by the boiler is generated by a back pressure steam turbine or a steam extraction steam turbine. Except for various heat loads, it can also be used as the working steam of the absorption chiller to produce 6-8 °C cold water for air conditioning or Process cooling.
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