China is the world's largest chlor-alkali producer. The chlor-alkali industry uses salt and electricity as raw materials for the production of caustic soda, **, and hydrogen as the basic raw material industry. There are many types of products, and the degree of correlation is large. Its downstream products have reached thousands of varieties and have high economic extension values. It is widely used in the lifeline sectors of the national economy such as agriculture, petrochemical industry, light industry, textiles, building materials, electricity, metallurgy, national defense, and food processing, and plays a decisive role in the economic development of our country. According to calculations by related departments, the one-time economic output value driven by 10,000 tons of chlor-alkali products is more than RMB 1 billion. China has always taken the output of major chlor-alkali products and economic indicators as an important indicator of China's national economic statistics and assessment.
During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, the chlor-alkali industry in China has developed rapidly, and the production of caustic soda and PVC ranks first in the world, which has effectively promoted the development of related industries. Facing the situation of deepening economic globalization, rapid advancement of science and technology, the constant acceleration of the adjustment of world chlor-alkali industry structure, and the intensification of market competition, we will accelerate the transformation of economic growth patterns, promote industrial restructuring and upgrading, and solve the long-term accumulation of structural contradictions and resources and environmental protection. Constraints, the realization of the world's chlor-alkali-producing countries to the chlor-alkali powerhouse, is China's chloro-alkali industry's "12th Five-Year" development is facing the urgent task.
I. Development status of the chlor-alkali industry (I) Development status of the chlor-alkali industry During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, the domestic chlor-alkali industry developed rapidly. In 2010, the output of caustic soda in China reached 20.87 million tons, and the output of polyvinyl chloride reached 11.3 million tons. Caustic soda and PVC production capacity and output rank first in the world, becoming a veritable chlor-alkali power.
At the end of 2010, China produced 176 caustic soda production enterprises, with a total capacity of 30.21 million tons/year and 20.87 million tons of output. Compared with the initial period of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the production capacity increased by 105.4%, and the output increased by 68.3%. The caustic soda production capacity is mainly distributed in six provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Zhejiang, with a combined capacity of 59.4% of the total production capacity. In the chlor-alkali industry in China, a chemical group with a million-ton-ton level is gradually emerging. For a local single caustic soda production enterprise, it will enter China's caustic soda production capacity of 400,000 tons/year or more (including 400,000 tons/year) in 2010. The number of companies has increased to 15, accounting for 25.6% of the total production capacity. Compared with 2009, the industry concentration has further increased. The caustic soda production process mainly includes the ion membrane method and the diaphragm method. Because the ion membrane method has low energy consumption and advanced production technology and cleanliness, it has developed rapidly in recent years. In 2010, the proportion of ion membrane production capacity has increased to 84.3%. .
By the end of 2010, there were 94 PVC production enterprises in China, with a total capacity of 20.43 million tons/year and output of 11.3 million tons. Compared with the initial period of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the production capacity increased by 110.1%, and the output increased by 69.9%. PVC production capacity is mainly distributed in Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Tianjin and Xinjiang. China has a total of 7 provinces and districts with PVC production capacity exceeding 1 million tons, but there are still 15 provinces with production capacity of less than 500,000 tons/grade. , China's PVC production capacity is still more prominent. In 2010, China's PVC production capacity of 400,000 tons/year or more (including 400,000 tons/year) has increased to 17 companies, and the total production capacity accounts for 45.8% of the total production capacity. The polyvinyl chloride production process mainly includes the calcium carbide process and the ethylene process. The calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride has developed rapidly in recent years, and most of the new expansion projects use the calcium carbide process. In 2010, the calcium carbide process production capacity accounted for 80.9% of the total production capacity. .
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the northwest region became an important chlor-alkali production base. The proportion of caustic soda production capacity in the Inner Mongolia region increased from 1.8% in 2005 to 8% in 2010. The PVC production capacity in the Xinjiang region has increased from 4.1% in 2005 to 13.4% in 2010.
In terms of product demand, the downstream demand structure of caustic soda has basically remained stable, and is still dominated by light industry, chemical industry, textile, and metallurgy. The alumina industry is developing rapidly. In 2010, the production capacity of alumina was 40.35 million tons/year, and the output was 28.94 million tons. Some changes in the downstream demand structure of PVC were driven by the domestic real estate and industrial construction upsurge, and the quantities of pipes, fittings, profiles, doors and windows were used. Significantly increased, the proportion of hard products continued to increase, the proportion of soft products decreased, and the major consumer regions were still concentrated in East China and South China.
Raw materials are subject to the rapid development of the two alkali industries, and the development of the original salt industry has also shown some changes. The development of sea salt is slow, and the production of mineral salt and lake salt continues to grow. Calcium carbide is the main raw material for PVC production in China. Affected by energy, resources, and logistics, several large-scale calcium carbide production sites have been formed in coal and electric power developed central and western regions. The calcium carbide process PVC production enterprises in the central and western regions have It has a more obvious cost advantage than the eastern region. Since the beginning of 2008, the calcium carbide industry has been affected by national policies, and backward production capacity has been eliminated one after another. The state of overcapacity and scattered production capacity of the industry has been improved to some extent. Ethylene, ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride are the main raw materials used in ethylene production. Most of these raw materials are imported, and their production capacity is mainly concentrated in the eastern region.
Imports and Exports With the development of China's chlor-alkali industry, the export of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride began to increase, and imports gradually decreased. Alkali has been exported to the United States, Australia, Canada and other countries. Solid caustic soda is mainly exported to Southeast Asia and Africa. PVC is exported to dozens of countries including Russia, India, Egypt and the CIS countries.
The shift of production focus to the central and western regions in the industrial layout has become increasingly evident. The development of chlor-alkali enterprises in the central and western regions has demonstrated a significant resource-oriented nature, while the eastern region has relied on its long history of development and mature market experience in the development process. This reflects the obvious market-oriented features.
In terms of energy consumption, caustic soda is a large consumer of industrial products in China, and the chlor-alkali industry has always attached great importance to energy conservation and consumption reduction. Through the adjustment of product structure and the transformation of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, the comprehensive energy consumption of tons of alkalis has been declining year by year. Electricity is a key energy source in the production process of chlor-alkali products. Therefore, the increase in electricity prices affects the normal production and profitability of chlor-alkali enterprises to a large extent, and is even a key factor in determining the survival and development of enterprises.
The caustic soda production process is continuously optimized in terms of production technology. In 2010, the proportion of ion membrane production capacity has increased to 84.3%. In 2008, Bluestar (Beijing) Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd. has developed and developed a natural circulation membrane pole distance membrane electrolyzer, which is operated in a production enterprise, and the operational indicators have reached the design requirements. In 2010, China's Shandong Dongyue mastered a full set of ion-exchange membrane manufacturing technologies from raw resin to ion-exchange membranes. The products entered the industrial operation evaluation and began to be applied. China's primary brine refining technology has developed ceramic membrane filters and CN filters in succession. The results are good. Some companies in China also have installations running. The 135m3 large-scale polyvinyl chloride polymerization reactor was put into operation, the process of dry acetylene generation continued to mature, and the independent innovation capability of the chlor-alkali equipment industry continued to increase, further enhancing the competitiveness of China's chlor-alkali industry.
(II) Problems in the chlor-alkali industry 1. The concentration of chlor-alkali industry is low and the layout is irrational. As of the end of 2010, there are 176 caustic soda production enterprises in China, with an average production capacity of approximately 170,000 tons/year; 94 PVC production enterprises, with an average production capacity of nearly 220,000 tons/year. In the year, the industry concentration is still low. Due to the fragmentation of the history of our country and the protection of the region, the number of small and medium-sized chlor-alkali enterprises in our country is relatively high and the regional distribution is uneven. Judging from the overall distribution of East and West and less. Although the rapid rise of the chlor-alkali industry in the central and western regions has changed the traditional east-west distribution pattern of the chlor-alkali industry, the large amount of capacity and high freight costs required for the long-distance travel between “the eastward advancement of Western goods†and the “northbound cargo†have become One of the major bottlenecks restricting the development of the chlor-alkali industry in the central and western regions. Judging from future development trends, if the layout is not reasonable, if it is not effectively adjusted, it will have a certain impact on the improvement of the overall competitiveness level of China's chlor-alkali industry.
2. The product structure is irrational. New product R&D and market development are not enough. The structure of China's chlor-alkali products is unreasonable. In the future, the competition for chlor-alkali products to participate in internationalization is not just to look at the competitive strength of a single product, but more importantly, to see the competitiveness of the company's chlor-alkali balanced overall product. China's current organic chlorine products, high-end products, special products, deep processing, high value-added products, in particular, have a very small proportion of fine chemical products that are of great significance to the development of the chlor-alkali industry, and their development efforts are insufficient. PVC products have more generic grades, less special resins, many low value-added products, and few high-value-added products. PVC products still have a wide gap in technology and technology compared with foreign countries. Many fields that have been widely used abroad are not yet complete. Development leads to low product competitiveness and does not meet the requirements of upgrading.
3. Lack of effective regulation and rapid expansion of production capacity In the late period of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the production capacity of the chlor-alkali industry expanded too quickly. By the end of 2010, the production capacity of caustic soda in China reached 30.21 million tons/year, and the operating rate was about 70%. PVC production capacity reached 20.43 million tons/year, and the operating rate was about 55%. Caustic soda and PVC production capacity rank first in the world. According to statistics from the China Chlor-Alkali Industry Association, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, there are still new caustic soda and PVC units in operation each year. The overcapacity will lead to low operating rate and vicious competition in the whole industry. Product prices will further decline and the profitability of the industry will decrease.
4. The chlor-alkali industry and the petrochemical industry have combined their development efforts. The foreign developed countries are all chlor-alkali industry and petrochemical industry to develop large-scale ethylene-oxychlorination PVC plants. Due to the long-term lack of coordination among localities and industries in China, the ethylene oxychlorination PVC project is developing slowly. The comprehensive utilization rate of limited ethylene resources and the overall competitiveness of the PVC industry are affected to a certain extent, and it is difficult to achieve a large scale of equipment and intensive operation.
5. The chlor-alkali industry is more energy-intensive than the energy and raw materials industries. In the economic development of our country, the supply of electricity, petroleum, coal and other energy sources is tight, which has a great impact on the chlor-alkali industry. The chlor-alkali industry is facing more severe pressure for energy conservation and emission reduction. The volatility of electricity prices has a certain impact on the normal operation order and development of the chlor-alkali industry. China's energy policy and price trend will determine the development speed and living environment of the chlor-alkali industry.
6. Intensified trade frictions in the internationalization process With the development of the chlor-alkali industry, internationalization is also deepening. On the one hand, the domestic market is affected by the impact and pressure of imported products; on the other hand, with the increase of China's chlor-alkali production capacity, the export volume is also increasing. In 2010, China exported 1.54 million tons of caustic soda and exported 220,000 tons of pure PVC powder. After the financial crisis, trade protectionism in countries around the world began to rise. As a result, the trade frictions China's product exports have experienced in the world have gradually increased.
II. Domestic and foreign situations facing the chlor-alkali industry during the “Twelfth Five-year Plan†(I) The international situation facing the development of the chlor-alkali industry 1. Changes in the world chlor-alkali industry The chlor-alkali industry is a resource- and capital-intensive basic raw material industry. It has been more than 100 years of development history. The chloro-alkali industry in developed countries is mature, and there is limited room for subsequent market growth. At present, the total production capacity of caustic soda in the world reaches 78 million tons per year, of which the production capacity is mainly concentrated in Asia and North America. China's caustic soda production capacity accounts for about 38.7% of the world. The total PVC production capacity in the world is 49 million tons, and the main production areas are in Asia, the Americas and Western Europe. China's PVC production capacity accounts for 41.7% of the world's total. The chlor-alkali industry in emerging countries represented by China relies on local economic development and market demand, and the rapid expansion of scale and strength has rapidly become an important part of the global chlor-alkali industry. The rise of emerging chlor-alkali countries such as China has not only changed the existing global market structure, but also faced increasingly complex and fierce international market competition.
2. Overseas chlor-alkali industries have high concentration, strong chlor-alkali enterprises are the basic chemical raw materials, and scale and intensification are inevitable choices for enterprises to enhance their market competitiveness. Transnational chlor-alkali production enterprises have reorganized their resources through mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, etc., expanded the company's production scale, built a reasonable product structure, and gained superior position in market competition. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, with the acceleration of the transfer of chlor-alkali industries from developed countries to the industries of developing countries, domestic enterprises will face more direct competition from multinational companies.
3. The development of basic raw material industry faces “low carbonization†test In the long run, the convening of the Copenhagen conference has confirmed that the global industry will gradually enter the era of low-carbon development as an irreversible trend. It can be said that the level of control of energy consumption and carbon emissions will not only directly affect the operational benefits of industry companies at the market level, but will also determine the domestic and international environment and policy environment facing the development of basic industries such as chlor-alkali in a country. For the domestic chlor-alkali industry, as an important basic raw material industry, it is also a traditional high-energy-consuming industry. Carbon emission reduction during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period will be an imperative strategic task.
4. The unfavorable factors in the international trade environment have further increased since the outbreak of the financial crisis. The global market and trade environment have undergone tremendous changes. Trade protectionism has risen in various countries, and trade frictions against China's corporate products have increased significantly. The export environment of domestic enterprises has been deteriorating. At the same time, with the gradual cancellation of various transitional protection measures after the accession to the WTO, the risk of overseas companies dumping the Chinese market at a low price will also gradually increase. It can be said that the complex external environment during the “Twelfth Five-year Plan†period will become an important test for the domestic chlor-alkali industry's foreign trade.
(II) The domestic situation facing the development of the chlor-alkali industry 1. The healthy and stable operation of the national economy provides the chlor-alkali industry with space for development. Chlor-alkali industrial products are widely used in various fields of industrial production and are closely related to the development of the national economy. In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's economy will continue to develop steadily and rapidly, which is the basis for the domestic chlor-alkali industry to achieve sustainable development. Downstream demand still maintains a certain growth rate. The increasing demand for downstream industries such as caustic soda represented by alumina and the downstream industry of PVC represented by profiles and pipes has promoted the development of the caustic soda and PVC industry.
2. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is an important strategic opportunity period for the chlor-alkali industry. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the domestic chlor-alkali industry has grown rapidly, and the simple reproduction of production and operating models is a significant feature of the industry's growth during this period. It is also the simple replication of this homogenization that has caused the industry to face a series of endogenous fundamental issues affecting the sustainable development of the industry, such as low industrial concentration and structural overcapacity of low-end products, after high-speed growth. Entering the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, policies, markets, and other aspects will guide the chlor-alkali industry from gradually escaping from the simple growth mode of pursuing scale expansion and entering into a new historical development centered on “adjusting industrial structure and improving the quality of industry growthâ€. stage. During the period of important strategic opportunities for the development of this industry, the reorganization of resources between chlor-alkali and related upstream and downstream industries, the research and development of high value-added new product manufacturing technologies, and the wide application of environmentally friendly production processes will become the development of the chlor-alkali industry at this stage. This new trend is also an inevitable choice for China's chlor-alkali industry to transform from a scale advantage to a competitive advantage during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period.
Third, the "Twelve Five" development of the guiding ideology and development goals (a) of the guiding ideology in the international perspective and strategic thinking, grasp the current and long-term relationship, and promote China's transition from chlor-alkali to a chloro-alkali powerhouse.
- Using the scientific development concept as a guide to implement total control, restraining the industry from inefficient, excessively fast, and disorderly development, and realizing the development from extensive development with simple expansion of production capacity to refinement, high added value, resource conservation, and environment-friendly development Change
—— Solidly advance technological progress, comprehensively improve energy-saving and emission-reduction capabilities, and achieve industrial technological upgrading;
- Accelerating the pace of internationalization and enhancing the "speech right" in the international market;
——Advocating intensive and clustered development, cultivating and supporting advantageous companies, and through mergers and acquisitions, eliminating backwardness, increasing industry concentration and overall competitiveness, and making the layout more reasonable;
—— Actively promote the integration of petrochemicals, new coal chemical industry and bio-chemical industry, extend the product chain, and expand the development space.
(II) Development objectives During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the chlor-alkali industry structure will be optimized and upgraded, green industries will be developed, and the coordinated development of the chlor-alkali industry will be promoted, and several influential environmental and social-friendly chlor-alkali industry clusters will be gradually formed; The advantages of large and medium-sized backbone enterprises, the formation of a number of internationally competitive enterprise groups, and strive to achieve the integration of upstream and downstream; through adjustment and gradually make China's chlor-alkali industry embarked on the scale of large-scale, operating intensive development direction. Market-oriented optimization of product structure, vigorously develop chlorine products, adhere to economic development, clean development, safe development, and achieve sustainable development.
——Total quantity control target By 2015, after industrial policy control, market guidance, raw material route, technological and technological transformation, and enterprise integration, efforts will be made to greatly increase the scale, concentration, and competitiveness of China's chlor-alkali production enterprises. At the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan," China's caustic soda production reached 28 million tons, an average annual increase of 7%, and PVC production reached 15 million tons, an average annual increase of 8%. Efforts should be made to balance chlor-alkali and increase the proportion of organic chlorine products to meet market demand.
——Technology Progress Objectives During the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, domestic ionized membrane technology is encouraged to expand anode and modified membrane technology, a new energy-saving rectifier, evaporator, high pressure compressor, chlorinated chlorinated PVC plant, and PVC Large-scale domestic polymerization sets of process technology, etc., improve the safety, environmental protection, quality assurance system.
——Energy-saving and emission-reduction targets Encourage the recycling of energy and resources and phase out the metal anode diaphragm process. Actively implement the clean production scheme for the chlor-alkali industry. At the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, total emissions of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride (COD) were reduced by 15%, and the comprehensive energy consumption of caustic soda units was reduced by 7%. All calcium carbide process PVC production uses low-mercury catalysts. , The industry to achieve the standard emission of waste.
——Industry Concentration Target During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, through policy support and market adjustment, enterprises within the industry are encouraged to reduce the number of companies through mergers and reorganizations, increase industry concentration and utilization efficiency, and further enhance the overall market competitiveness of the domestic industry.
IV. Development priorities of the chlor-alkali industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†(I) Promoting sustainable development of the chlor-alkali industry with independent innovation and technological advancement Strengthen independent innovation, promote industrial technological progress, and guide enterprises to adopt new technologies to achieve cleaner production and energy conservation and emission reduction. Strengthen domestic ion membrane, dry acetylene generation technology, new dry cement manufacturing technology and low mercury catalyst in the promotion of the whole industry, accelerate the research of new solid mercury catalyst and mercury-free catalyst for calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride, and vigorously promote the caustic soda ion membrane The development and application of advanced technologies such as electrolysis cell oxygen cathode technology and new-type chlorine manufacturing technology have formed a batch of core technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property rights. Constantly develop high value-added alkali- and chlorine-consuming products and develop refined, specialized and serialized PVC products to further broaden product applications. Encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new materials, and promote product innovation. Keeping a close eye on emerging industries, serving emerging industries, and integrating into emerging industries, we will promote the sustainable development of the chlor-alkali industry with independent innovation and technological progress.
(b) Optimize the layout of industrial regions, increase industrial concentration, optimize industrial layout, and solve the problems of decentralized layout and redundant construction. According to the existing regional resources, energy conditions and production capacity distribution status, continue to support and encourage the development of large-scale chlor-alkali chemical projects in the central and western regions relying on resource advantages and using calcium carbide method polyvinyl chloride as the core product. In the eastern region, no new calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plant will be built, and large-scale ethylene oxychlorination plants will be encouraged to rely on the advantages of the new ethylene projects in the surrounding areas and the convenience of importing vinyl raw materials from ports. Give full play to the functional advantages of chemical parks in various regions and promote industrial upgrading. Promote and promote industry integration, encourage and support the advantages of chlor-alkali enterprises to merge and restructure backward companies and difficult enterprises, encourage strong alliances and integrated upstream and downstream operations, increase resource allocation efficiency, and increase industry concentration.
(III) Optimizing raw materials and technical routes to achieve sustainable development of the chlor-alkali industry During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the raw materials and technical routes of chlor-alkali products should continue to be actively promoted in the direction of energy conservation, cleanliness, and low cost. Promote ethylene and other petrochemical industries to develop with the chlor-alkali industry, increase the integration of new processes such as the production of olefins from coal and natural gas, adjust the industrial structure, improve the structure of chlor-alkali products, improve the process route, realize PVC and even entire The leaching development of the production technology of the chlor-alkali industry.
(IV) Further intensify the promotion of circular economy development model in the chlor-alkali industry During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, according to the “Recycling Economy Law†and other related supporting industrial policies, and in accordance with the characteristics of the industry, we will actively promote the recycling economy of the chlor-alkali industry. Pilot work, vigorously promote the relevant supporting advanced production technology and management model. Actively promote the concept of circular economy and increase the energy efficiency of the chlor-alkali industry. In accordance with relevant state regulations and management measures, we will build cogeneration, carry out direct purchase of electricity, and increase energy efficiency. At the same time, through the development model of circular economy, industry enterprises will be encouraged to integrate relevant upstream and downstream market resources along the industrial chain, and actively increase the efficiency of resource utilization, thereby reducing the environmental and social costs of the development of the company and the entire industry.
(5) Advance the process of low-mercury mercury, speed up the process of non-mercury-free, and realize the goal of low-carbon clean production. During the “Twelfth Five-year Plan†period, we shall focus on the research, development, and promotion of low-mercury catalysts, and strive for the universal use of low-mercury catalysts by 2015. The consumption of mercury in PVC has dropped by 50%. At the same time, it will continue to strive for policy and funding support for the research and development of mercury-related emission reduction technologies in new industries such as solid mercury catalysts and mercury-free catalysts, with a view to realizing the industry’s mercury-free production as soon as possible.
(VI) Promoting Responsible Care in the Whole Industry and Strengthening Management of Health, Safety, and Environment Systems Throughout the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the entire industry promotes responsible care, strengthens corporate safety and environmental protection, establishes a strict management system, and improves the prevention and disposal of accidents. Ability to further enrich and enhance the content and level of responsible care work in the chlor-alkali industry.
V. Suggestions for Policy Measures (1) The state adopts effective means to strictly control new production capacity, eliminate outdated production capacity, and ensure that the total control is in place. Countries should adopt effective measures to strictly control industry expansion and eliminate backward production capacity. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the caustic soda and PVC projects will be uniformly reviewed and approved by the relevant departments of the central government and the total amount will be controlled. The environmental impact assessment, safety assessment, land use, project filing, or approval management of newly-built projects are all directly managed by the relevant departments of the national government. In the project approval process, the opinions of associations and industry experts should be taken as one of the important basis for project approval.
For projects that have been approved for construction and put into production, the scale requirements, energy consumption standards, safety evaluation standards, supporting facilities requirements, and environmental assessment requirements stipulated in the “chlorine-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) industry access requirements†shall be strictly examined, that is, chlor-alkali The industry develops access management. Different pricing, taxation, and credit policies are implemented for enterprises with different levels of construction and development to promote the survival of the fittest. It is suggested that relevant government departments may, together with the trade associations, publish as soon as possible the relevant chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) industry access management measures to ensure the implementation of relevant work.
It is recommended that the eastern region stop approving the caustic soda and PVC projects that simply increase production capacity during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, and stop the approval of new sites.
(II) Establish a sound exit mechanism, eliminate backward production capacity and process use policy platforms such as “Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustmentâ€, establish a sound exit mechanism for the industry, and for enterprises that actively eliminate backward production capacity, the government should provide subsidies for capital and taxation. And rewards.
It is recommended that the caustic soda devices that do not comply with industry energy consumption standards and cleaner production standards be eliminated in 2 to 3 years in the east, and eliminated in 3 to 4 years in the western region; backward devices that are eliminated must not be used in other places; The backward production capacity will be compensated by the amount of energy saved after the production is stopped. It will provide policy assistance to the personnel resettlement problems brought about by the elimination device. The enterprises that will still store calcium carbide slag will be strengthened to enforce the law and will be forced to shut down.
(III) Promoting and promoting industry integration and increasing industry concentration In the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the institutional and policy barriers to corporate mergers and reorganizations should be eliminated as soon as possible, and specific incentive measures in multiple levels, including taxation, taxation, etc., should be promoted and vigorously promoted. The chlor-alkali industry enterprises reorganized cross-regional, cross-industry, and cross-ownership reforms. The advanced enterprises in the eastern region are encouraged to strengthen cooperation with enterprises in the central and western regions through acquisitions, mergers, reorganizations, joint ventures, and other forms. Promote integrated development of upstream and downstream industries, increase industrial concentration, and develop economies of scale.
It is proposed to formulate detailed implementation rules for the “State Council’s Opinions on Promoting Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions,†in order to implement the related work of mergers and acquisitions.
(IV) To guide the reasonable layout of the scientific planning of the chlor-alkali industry by specific policies The government agencies should take the lead, and the industry associations and expert organizations should prepare the layout plan for the development of the chlor-alkali industry, and directly specify the project construction planning, production distribution, and development model of the industry. The requirements and specific guidance to achieve scientific planning, rational distribution and appropriate development of the chlor-alkali industry.
It is suggested that policy support should be provided for the relocation of old enterprises in terms of land and taxation, so that the company can better develop after relocation.
(5) Formulate a rational and effective energy regulation policy The national industrial policy continues to give a reasonable electricity price policy for ion-exchange membrane caustic soda with obvious energy-saving benefits during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. For the newly-built enterprises and related projects that are obsolete and outdated process technologies and industrial policy restrictions, they should continue to adopt restrictive measures such as raising the differential tariff price increase standard to promote their shutdown.
Encourage chlor-alkali industry cogeneration and direct supply of alkali electricity, and strive to improve energy efficiency, and promote the coordinated development of alkali and electricity industries. The market economy principle and the experience of developed countries should be given to the chlor-alkali industry to distinguish the reasonable electricity prices of other industries, and to give policy support to the chlor-alkali industry for energy conservation and emission reduction, waste energy use, and rational use of resources. It is suggested that the electricity price of caustic soda electrolysis direct current is 20% lower than that of ordinary large industrial electricity consumption.
(VI) Actively promote the technological progress of the chlor-alkali industry and increase support for independent innovation Research and development of mercury pollution prevention and control technologies (development of new solid mercury catalysts, research and development of mercury-free catalysts), localization of ion-exchange membranes, research and development of oxygen cathodes, and development of dry acetylene The promotion and application of advanced process technologies such as low-mercury catalysts, **desorption and hydrogen chloride synthesis waste heat utilization will be the strategic factors related to the future sustainable development of the domestic chlor-alkali industry. Policy support and subsidies are whether the above energy-saving emission reduction technologies can One of the key factors for smooth promotion and application in the industry.
Therefore, it is recommended to encourage and increase capital investment to support the energy-saving emission reduction and clean production technology transformation of the chlor-alkali industry, support the promotion and application of home-made ion membranes, dry acetylene, and new dry cement manufacturing technologies, and give all calcium carbide catalysts that use low-mercury catalysts to be polymerized. Vinyl chloride production enterprises use policy subsidies. The policy and financial support for the research and development of new solid mercury catalysts and mercury-free catalysts used in the calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride.
(VII) Actively support the research and development of high value-added new products In view of the current low-level duplicated construction of low-end general-purpose model products in the domestic chlor-alkali industry, the industry will vigorously promote special grade PVC resin and high-value-added chlorine consumption in the next few years. The development and application of alkali-alkali products is a key link in upgrading the industrial structure of the chlor-alkali industry. In this process, government departments at all levels should increase investment in policies and funds and give substantive support to independent innovation enterprises.
(VIII) Actively promote the development of circular economy and increase environmental protection and governance From the policy point of view, the chlor-alkali enterprises adopting the development model of circular economy should continue to provide practical support in terms of fiscal tax, credit, and other aspects, and improve the adoption of advanced production technology by industrial enterprises. Consolidate the enthusiasm of upstream and downstream market resources to effectively promote the development of the circular economy of the chlor-alkali industry during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period.
(9) Implement reasonable policy recommendations on the export of some chlor-alkali products and import of raw materials. Provide reasonable policy support for the export of major chlor-alkali products and import of raw materials. In response to foreign trade protection and trade friction, research measures and take reasonable and necessary measures.
(10) Promoting the combination of chlor-alkali industry, petrochemical industry, and new coal chemical industry The combination of the chlor-alkali industry and petrochemical industry can promote rationalization of resource allocation, increase the size of production facilities, help balance production, reduce overall costs, and increase competition with large international companies. ability. It is recommended that the national policy guide the development of petrochemicals, new coal chemical industry and chlor-alkali industry.
During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, the chlor-alkali industry in China has developed rapidly, and the production of caustic soda and PVC ranks first in the world, which has effectively promoted the development of related industries. Facing the situation of deepening economic globalization, rapid advancement of science and technology, the constant acceleration of the adjustment of world chlor-alkali industry structure, and the intensification of market competition, we will accelerate the transformation of economic growth patterns, promote industrial restructuring and upgrading, and solve the long-term accumulation of structural contradictions and resources and environmental protection. Constraints, the realization of the world's chlor-alkali-producing countries to the chlor-alkali powerhouse, is China's chloro-alkali industry's "12th Five-Year" development is facing the urgent task.
I. Development status of the chlor-alkali industry (I) Development status of the chlor-alkali industry During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, the domestic chlor-alkali industry developed rapidly. In 2010, the output of caustic soda in China reached 20.87 million tons, and the output of polyvinyl chloride reached 11.3 million tons. Caustic soda and PVC production capacity and output rank first in the world, becoming a veritable chlor-alkali power.
At the end of 2010, China produced 176 caustic soda production enterprises, with a total capacity of 30.21 million tons/year and 20.87 million tons of output. Compared with the initial period of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the production capacity increased by 105.4%, and the output increased by 68.3%. The caustic soda production capacity is mainly distributed in six provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Zhejiang, with a combined capacity of 59.4% of the total production capacity. In the chlor-alkali industry in China, a chemical group with a million-ton-ton level is gradually emerging. For a local single caustic soda production enterprise, it will enter China's caustic soda production capacity of 400,000 tons/year or more (including 400,000 tons/year) in 2010. The number of companies has increased to 15, accounting for 25.6% of the total production capacity. Compared with 2009, the industry concentration has further increased. The caustic soda production process mainly includes the ion membrane method and the diaphragm method. Because the ion membrane method has low energy consumption and advanced production technology and cleanliness, it has developed rapidly in recent years. In 2010, the proportion of ion membrane production capacity has increased to 84.3%. .
By the end of 2010, there were 94 PVC production enterprises in China, with a total capacity of 20.43 million tons/year and output of 11.3 million tons. Compared with the initial period of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the production capacity increased by 110.1%, and the output increased by 69.9%. PVC production capacity is mainly distributed in Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Tianjin and Xinjiang. China has a total of 7 provinces and districts with PVC production capacity exceeding 1 million tons, but there are still 15 provinces with production capacity of less than 500,000 tons/grade. , China's PVC production capacity is still more prominent. In 2010, China's PVC production capacity of 400,000 tons/year or more (including 400,000 tons/year) has increased to 17 companies, and the total production capacity accounts for 45.8% of the total production capacity. The polyvinyl chloride production process mainly includes the calcium carbide process and the ethylene process. The calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride has developed rapidly in recent years, and most of the new expansion projects use the calcium carbide process. In 2010, the calcium carbide process production capacity accounted for 80.9% of the total production capacity. .
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the northwest region became an important chlor-alkali production base. The proportion of caustic soda production capacity in the Inner Mongolia region increased from 1.8% in 2005 to 8% in 2010. The PVC production capacity in the Xinjiang region has increased from 4.1% in 2005 to 13.4% in 2010.
In terms of product demand, the downstream demand structure of caustic soda has basically remained stable, and is still dominated by light industry, chemical industry, textile, and metallurgy. The alumina industry is developing rapidly. In 2010, the production capacity of alumina was 40.35 million tons/year, and the output was 28.94 million tons. Some changes in the downstream demand structure of PVC were driven by the domestic real estate and industrial construction upsurge, and the quantities of pipes, fittings, profiles, doors and windows were used. Significantly increased, the proportion of hard products continued to increase, the proportion of soft products decreased, and the major consumer regions were still concentrated in East China and South China.
Raw materials are subject to the rapid development of the two alkali industries, and the development of the original salt industry has also shown some changes. The development of sea salt is slow, and the production of mineral salt and lake salt continues to grow. Calcium carbide is the main raw material for PVC production in China. Affected by energy, resources, and logistics, several large-scale calcium carbide production sites have been formed in coal and electric power developed central and western regions. The calcium carbide process PVC production enterprises in the central and western regions have It has a more obvious cost advantage than the eastern region. Since the beginning of 2008, the calcium carbide industry has been affected by national policies, and backward production capacity has been eliminated one after another. The state of overcapacity and scattered production capacity of the industry has been improved to some extent. Ethylene, ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride are the main raw materials used in ethylene production. Most of these raw materials are imported, and their production capacity is mainly concentrated in the eastern region.
Imports and Exports With the development of China's chlor-alkali industry, the export of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride began to increase, and imports gradually decreased. Alkali has been exported to the United States, Australia, Canada and other countries. Solid caustic soda is mainly exported to Southeast Asia and Africa. PVC is exported to dozens of countries including Russia, India, Egypt and the CIS countries.
The shift of production focus to the central and western regions in the industrial layout has become increasingly evident. The development of chlor-alkali enterprises in the central and western regions has demonstrated a significant resource-oriented nature, while the eastern region has relied on its long history of development and mature market experience in the development process. This reflects the obvious market-oriented features.
In terms of energy consumption, caustic soda is a large consumer of industrial products in China, and the chlor-alkali industry has always attached great importance to energy conservation and consumption reduction. Through the adjustment of product structure and the transformation of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, the comprehensive energy consumption of tons of alkalis has been declining year by year. Electricity is a key energy source in the production process of chlor-alkali products. Therefore, the increase in electricity prices affects the normal production and profitability of chlor-alkali enterprises to a large extent, and is even a key factor in determining the survival and development of enterprises.
The caustic soda production process is continuously optimized in terms of production technology. In 2010, the proportion of ion membrane production capacity has increased to 84.3%. In 2008, Bluestar (Beijing) Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd. has developed and developed a natural circulation membrane pole distance membrane electrolyzer, which is operated in a production enterprise, and the operational indicators have reached the design requirements. In 2010, China's Shandong Dongyue mastered a full set of ion-exchange membrane manufacturing technologies from raw resin to ion-exchange membranes. The products entered the industrial operation evaluation and began to be applied. China's primary brine refining technology has developed ceramic membrane filters and CN filters in succession. The results are good. Some companies in China also have installations running. The 135m3 large-scale polyvinyl chloride polymerization reactor was put into operation, the process of dry acetylene generation continued to mature, and the independent innovation capability of the chlor-alkali equipment industry continued to increase, further enhancing the competitiveness of China's chlor-alkali industry.
(II) Problems in the chlor-alkali industry 1. The concentration of chlor-alkali industry is low and the layout is irrational. As of the end of 2010, there are 176 caustic soda production enterprises in China, with an average production capacity of approximately 170,000 tons/year; 94 PVC production enterprises, with an average production capacity of nearly 220,000 tons/year. In the year, the industry concentration is still low. Due to the fragmentation of the history of our country and the protection of the region, the number of small and medium-sized chlor-alkali enterprises in our country is relatively high and the regional distribution is uneven. Judging from the overall distribution of East and West and less. Although the rapid rise of the chlor-alkali industry in the central and western regions has changed the traditional east-west distribution pattern of the chlor-alkali industry, the large amount of capacity and high freight costs required for the long-distance travel between “the eastward advancement of Western goods†and the “northbound cargo†have become One of the major bottlenecks restricting the development of the chlor-alkali industry in the central and western regions. Judging from future development trends, if the layout is not reasonable, if it is not effectively adjusted, it will have a certain impact on the improvement of the overall competitiveness level of China's chlor-alkali industry.
2. The product structure is irrational. New product R&D and market development are not enough. The structure of China's chlor-alkali products is unreasonable. In the future, the competition for chlor-alkali products to participate in internationalization is not just to look at the competitive strength of a single product, but more importantly, to see the competitiveness of the company's chlor-alkali balanced overall product. China's current organic chlorine products, high-end products, special products, deep processing, high value-added products, in particular, have a very small proportion of fine chemical products that are of great significance to the development of the chlor-alkali industry, and their development efforts are insufficient. PVC products have more generic grades, less special resins, many low value-added products, and few high-value-added products. PVC products still have a wide gap in technology and technology compared with foreign countries. Many fields that have been widely used abroad are not yet complete. Development leads to low product competitiveness and does not meet the requirements of upgrading.
3. Lack of effective regulation and rapid expansion of production capacity In the late period of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the production capacity of the chlor-alkali industry expanded too quickly. By the end of 2010, the production capacity of caustic soda in China reached 30.21 million tons/year, and the operating rate was about 70%. PVC production capacity reached 20.43 million tons/year, and the operating rate was about 55%. Caustic soda and PVC production capacity rank first in the world. According to statistics from the China Chlor-Alkali Industry Association, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, there are still new caustic soda and PVC units in operation each year. The overcapacity will lead to low operating rate and vicious competition in the whole industry. Product prices will further decline and the profitability of the industry will decrease.
4. The chlor-alkali industry and the petrochemical industry have combined their development efforts. The foreign developed countries are all chlor-alkali industry and petrochemical industry to develop large-scale ethylene-oxychlorination PVC plants. Due to the long-term lack of coordination among localities and industries in China, the ethylene oxychlorination PVC project is developing slowly. The comprehensive utilization rate of limited ethylene resources and the overall competitiveness of the PVC industry are affected to a certain extent, and it is difficult to achieve a large scale of equipment and intensive operation.
5. The chlor-alkali industry is more energy-intensive than the energy and raw materials industries. In the economic development of our country, the supply of electricity, petroleum, coal and other energy sources is tight, which has a great impact on the chlor-alkali industry. The chlor-alkali industry is facing more severe pressure for energy conservation and emission reduction. The volatility of electricity prices has a certain impact on the normal operation order and development of the chlor-alkali industry. China's energy policy and price trend will determine the development speed and living environment of the chlor-alkali industry.
6. Intensified trade frictions in the internationalization process With the development of the chlor-alkali industry, internationalization is also deepening. On the one hand, the domestic market is affected by the impact and pressure of imported products; on the other hand, with the increase of China's chlor-alkali production capacity, the export volume is also increasing. In 2010, China exported 1.54 million tons of caustic soda and exported 220,000 tons of pure PVC powder. After the financial crisis, trade protectionism in countries around the world began to rise. As a result, the trade frictions China's product exports have experienced in the world have gradually increased.
II. Domestic and foreign situations facing the chlor-alkali industry during the “Twelfth Five-year Plan†(I) The international situation facing the development of the chlor-alkali industry 1. Changes in the world chlor-alkali industry The chlor-alkali industry is a resource- and capital-intensive basic raw material industry. It has been more than 100 years of development history. The chloro-alkali industry in developed countries is mature, and there is limited room for subsequent market growth. At present, the total production capacity of caustic soda in the world reaches 78 million tons per year, of which the production capacity is mainly concentrated in Asia and North America. China's caustic soda production capacity accounts for about 38.7% of the world. The total PVC production capacity in the world is 49 million tons, and the main production areas are in Asia, the Americas and Western Europe. China's PVC production capacity accounts for 41.7% of the world's total. The chlor-alkali industry in emerging countries represented by China relies on local economic development and market demand, and the rapid expansion of scale and strength has rapidly become an important part of the global chlor-alkali industry. The rise of emerging chlor-alkali countries such as China has not only changed the existing global market structure, but also faced increasingly complex and fierce international market competition.
2. Overseas chlor-alkali industries have high concentration, strong chlor-alkali enterprises are the basic chemical raw materials, and scale and intensification are inevitable choices for enterprises to enhance their market competitiveness. Transnational chlor-alkali production enterprises have reorganized their resources through mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, etc., expanded the company's production scale, built a reasonable product structure, and gained superior position in market competition. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, with the acceleration of the transfer of chlor-alkali industries from developed countries to the industries of developing countries, domestic enterprises will face more direct competition from multinational companies.
3. The development of basic raw material industry faces “low carbonization†test In the long run, the convening of the Copenhagen conference has confirmed that the global industry will gradually enter the era of low-carbon development as an irreversible trend. It can be said that the level of control of energy consumption and carbon emissions will not only directly affect the operational benefits of industry companies at the market level, but will also determine the domestic and international environment and policy environment facing the development of basic industries such as chlor-alkali in a country. For the domestic chlor-alkali industry, as an important basic raw material industry, it is also a traditional high-energy-consuming industry. Carbon emission reduction during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period will be an imperative strategic task.
4. The unfavorable factors in the international trade environment have further increased since the outbreak of the financial crisis. The global market and trade environment have undergone tremendous changes. Trade protectionism has risen in various countries, and trade frictions against China's corporate products have increased significantly. The export environment of domestic enterprises has been deteriorating. At the same time, with the gradual cancellation of various transitional protection measures after the accession to the WTO, the risk of overseas companies dumping the Chinese market at a low price will also gradually increase. It can be said that the complex external environment during the “Twelfth Five-year Plan†period will become an important test for the domestic chlor-alkali industry's foreign trade.
(II) The domestic situation facing the development of the chlor-alkali industry 1. The healthy and stable operation of the national economy provides the chlor-alkali industry with space for development. Chlor-alkali industrial products are widely used in various fields of industrial production and are closely related to the development of the national economy. In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's economy will continue to develop steadily and rapidly, which is the basis for the domestic chlor-alkali industry to achieve sustainable development. Downstream demand still maintains a certain growth rate. The increasing demand for downstream industries such as caustic soda represented by alumina and the downstream industry of PVC represented by profiles and pipes has promoted the development of the caustic soda and PVC industry.
2. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is an important strategic opportunity period for the chlor-alkali industry. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the domestic chlor-alkali industry has grown rapidly, and the simple reproduction of production and operating models is a significant feature of the industry's growth during this period. It is also the simple replication of this homogenization that has caused the industry to face a series of endogenous fundamental issues affecting the sustainable development of the industry, such as low industrial concentration and structural overcapacity of low-end products, after high-speed growth. Entering the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, policies, markets, and other aspects will guide the chlor-alkali industry from gradually escaping from the simple growth mode of pursuing scale expansion and entering into a new historical development centered on “adjusting industrial structure and improving the quality of industry growthâ€. stage. During the period of important strategic opportunities for the development of this industry, the reorganization of resources between chlor-alkali and related upstream and downstream industries, the research and development of high value-added new product manufacturing technologies, and the wide application of environmentally friendly production processes will become the development of the chlor-alkali industry at this stage. This new trend is also an inevitable choice for China's chlor-alkali industry to transform from a scale advantage to a competitive advantage during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period.
Third, the "Twelve Five" development of the guiding ideology and development goals (a) of the guiding ideology in the international perspective and strategic thinking, grasp the current and long-term relationship, and promote China's transition from chlor-alkali to a chloro-alkali powerhouse.
- Using the scientific development concept as a guide to implement total control, restraining the industry from inefficient, excessively fast, and disorderly development, and realizing the development from extensive development with simple expansion of production capacity to refinement, high added value, resource conservation, and environment-friendly development Change
—— Solidly advance technological progress, comprehensively improve energy-saving and emission-reduction capabilities, and achieve industrial technological upgrading;
- Accelerating the pace of internationalization and enhancing the "speech right" in the international market;
——Advocating intensive and clustered development, cultivating and supporting advantageous companies, and through mergers and acquisitions, eliminating backwardness, increasing industry concentration and overall competitiveness, and making the layout more reasonable;
—— Actively promote the integration of petrochemicals, new coal chemical industry and bio-chemical industry, extend the product chain, and expand the development space.
(II) Development objectives During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the chlor-alkali industry structure will be optimized and upgraded, green industries will be developed, and the coordinated development of the chlor-alkali industry will be promoted, and several influential environmental and social-friendly chlor-alkali industry clusters will be gradually formed; The advantages of large and medium-sized backbone enterprises, the formation of a number of internationally competitive enterprise groups, and strive to achieve the integration of upstream and downstream; through adjustment and gradually make China's chlor-alkali industry embarked on the scale of large-scale, operating intensive development direction. Market-oriented optimization of product structure, vigorously develop chlorine products, adhere to economic development, clean development, safe development, and achieve sustainable development.
——Total quantity control target By 2015, after industrial policy control, market guidance, raw material route, technological and technological transformation, and enterprise integration, efforts will be made to greatly increase the scale, concentration, and competitiveness of China's chlor-alkali production enterprises. At the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan," China's caustic soda production reached 28 million tons, an average annual increase of 7%, and PVC production reached 15 million tons, an average annual increase of 8%. Efforts should be made to balance chlor-alkali and increase the proportion of organic chlorine products to meet market demand.
——Technology Progress Objectives During the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, domestic ionized membrane technology is encouraged to expand anode and modified membrane technology, a new energy-saving rectifier, evaporator, high pressure compressor, chlorinated chlorinated PVC plant, and PVC Large-scale domestic polymerization sets of process technology, etc., improve the safety, environmental protection, quality assurance system.
——Energy-saving and emission-reduction targets Encourage the recycling of energy and resources and phase out the metal anode diaphragm process. Actively implement the clean production scheme for the chlor-alkali industry. At the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, total emissions of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride (COD) were reduced by 15%, and the comprehensive energy consumption of caustic soda units was reduced by 7%. All calcium carbide process PVC production uses low-mercury catalysts. , The industry to achieve the standard emission of waste.
——Industry Concentration Target During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, through policy support and market adjustment, enterprises within the industry are encouraged to reduce the number of companies through mergers and reorganizations, increase industry concentration and utilization efficiency, and further enhance the overall market competitiveness of the domestic industry.
IV. Development priorities of the chlor-alkali industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†(I) Promoting sustainable development of the chlor-alkali industry with independent innovation and technological advancement Strengthen independent innovation, promote industrial technological progress, and guide enterprises to adopt new technologies to achieve cleaner production and energy conservation and emission reduction. Strengthen domestic ion membrane, dry acetylene generation technology, new dry cement manufacturing technology and low mercury catalyst in the promotion of the whole industry, accelerate the research of new solid mercury catalyst and mercury-free catalyst for calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride, and vigorously promote the caustic soda ion membrane The development and application of advanced technologies such as electrolysis cell oxygen cathode technology and new-type chlorine manufacturing technology have formed a batch of core technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property rights. Constantly develop high value-added alkali- and chlorine-consuming products and develop refined, specialized and serialized PVC products to further broaden product applications. Encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new materials, and promote product innovation. Keeping a close eye on emerging industries, serving emerging industries, and integrating into emerging industries, we will promote the sustainable development of the chlor-alkali industry with independent innovation and technological progress.
(b) Optimize the layout of industrial regions, increase industrial concentration, optimize industrial layout, and solve the problems of decentralized layout and redundant construction. According to the existing regional resources, energy conditions and production capacity distribution status, continue to support and encourage the development of large-scale chlor-alkali chemical projects in the central and western regions relying on resource advantages and using calcium carbide method polyvinyl chloride as the core product. In the eastern region, no new calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plant will be built, and large-scale ethylene oxychlorination plants will be encouraged to rely on the advantages of the new ethylene projects in the surrounding areas and the convenience of importing vinyl raw materials from ports. Give full play to the functional advantages of chemical parks in various regions and promote industrial upgrading. Promote and promote industry integration, encourage and support the advantages of chlor-alkali enterprises to merge and restructure backward companies and difficult enterprises, encourage strong alliances and integrated upstream and downstream operations, increase resource allocation efficiency, and increase industry concentration.
(III) Optimizing raw materials and technical routes to achieve sustainable development of the chlor-alkali industry During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the raw materials and technical routes of chlor-alkali products should continue to be actively promoted in the direction of energy conservation, cleanliness, and low cost. Promote ethylene and other petrochemical industries to develop with the chlor-alkali industry, increase the integration of new processes such as the production of olefins from coal and natural gas, adjust the industrial structure, improve the structure of chlor-alkali products, improve the process route, realize PVC and even entire The leaching development of the production technology of the chlor-alkali industry.
(IV) Further intensify the promotion of circular economy development model in the chlor-alkali industry During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, according to the “Recycling Economy Law†and other related supporting industrial policies, and in accordance with the characteristics of the industry, we will actively promote the recycling economy of the chlor-alkali industry. Pilot work, vigorously promote the relevant supporting advanced production technology and management model. Actively promote the concept of circular economy and increase the energy efficiency of the chlor-alkali industry. In accordance with relevant state regulations and management measures, we will build cogeneration, carry out direct purchase of electricity, and increase energy efficiency. At the same time, through the development model of circular economy, industry enterprises will be encouraged to integrate relevant upstream and downstream market resources along the industrial chain, and actively increase the efficiency of resource utilization, thereby reducing the environmental and social costs of the development of the company and the entire industry.
(5) Advance the process of low-mercury mercury, speed up the process of non-mercury-free, and realize the goal of low-carbon clean production. During the “Twelfth Five-year Plan†period, we shall focus on the research, development, and promotion of low-mercury catalysts, and strive for the universal use of low-mercury catalysts by 2015. The consumption of mercury in PVC has dropped by 50%. At the same time, it will continue to strive for policy and funding support for the research and development of mercury-related emission reduction technologies in new industries such as solid mercury catalysts and mercury-free catalysts, with a view to realizing the industry’s mercury-free production as soon as possible.
(VI) Promoting Responsible Care in the Whole Industry and Strengthening Management of Health, Safety, and Environment Systems Throughout the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the entire industry promotes responsible care, strengthens corporate safety and environmental protection, establishes a strict management system, and improves the prevention and disposal of accidents. Ability to further enrich and enhance the content and level of responsible care work in the chlor-alkali industry.
V. Suggestions for Policy Measures (1) The state adopts effective means to strictly control new production capacity, eliminate outdated production capacity, and ensure that the total control is in place. Countries should adopt effective measures to strictly control industry expansion and eliminate backward production capacity. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the caustic soda and PVC projects will be uniformly reviewed and approved by the relevant departments of the central government and the total amount will be controlled. The environmental impact assessment, safety assessment, land use, project filing, or approval management of newly-built projects are all directly managed by the relevant departments of the national government. In the project approval process, the opinions of associations and industry experts should be taken as one of the important basis for project approval.
For projects that have been approved for construction and put into production, the scale requirements, energy consumption standards, safety evaluation standards, supporting facilities requirements, and environmental assessment requirements stipulated in the “chlorine-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) industry access requirements†shall be strictly examined, that is, chlor-alkali The industry develops access management. Different pricing, taxation, and credit policies are implemented for enterprises with different levels of construction and development to promote the survival of the fittest. It is suggested that relevant government departments may, together with the trade associations, publish as soon as possible the relevant chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) industry access management measures to ensure the implementation of relevant work.
It is recommended that the eastern region stop approving the caustic soda and PVC projects that simply increase production capacity during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, and stop the approval of new sites.
(II) Establish a sound exit mechanism, eliminate backward production capacity and process use policy platforms such as “Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustmentâ€, establish a sound exit mechanism for the industry, and for enterprises that actively eliminate backward production capacity, the government should provide subsidies for capital and taxation. And rewards.
It is recommended that the caustic soda devices that do not comply with industry energy consumption standards and cleaner production standards be eliminated in 2 to 3 years in the east, and eliminated in 3 to 4 years in the western region; backward devices that are eliminated must not be used in other places; The backward production capacity will be compensated by the amount of energy saved after the production is stopped. It will provide policy assistance to the personnel resettlement problems brought about by the elimination device. The enterprises that will still store calcium carbide slag will be strengthened to enforce the law and will be forced to shut down.
(III) Promoting and promoting industry integration and increasing industry concentration In the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the institutional and policy barriers to corporate mergers and reorganizations should be eliminated as soon as possible, and specific incentive measures in multiple levels, including taxation, taxation, etc., should be promoted and vigorously promoted. The chlor-alkali industry enterprises reorganized cross-regional, cross-industry, and cross-ownership reforms. The advanced enterprises in the eastern region are encouraged to strengthen cooperation with enterprises in the central and western regions through acquisitions, mergers, reorganizations, joint ventures, and other forms. Promote integrated development of upstream and downstream industries, increase industrial concentration, and develop economies of scale.
It is proposed to formulate detailed implementation rules for the “State Council’s Opinions on Promoting Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions,†in order to implement the related work of mergers and acquisitions.
(IV) To guide the reasonable layout of the scientific planning of the chlor-alkali industry by specific policies The government agencies should take the lead, and the industry associations and expert organizations should prepare the layout plan for the development of the chlor-alkali industry, and directly specify the project construction planning, production distribution, and development model of the industry. The requirements and specific guidance to achieve scientific planning, rational distribution and appropriate development of the chlor-alkali industry.
It is suggested that policy support should be provided for the relocation of old enterprises in terms of land and taxation, so that the company can better develop after relocation.
(5) Formulate a rational and effective energy regulation policy The national industrial policy continues to give a reasonable electricity price policy for ion-exchange membrane caustic soda with obvious energy-saving benefits during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. For the newly-built enterprises and related projects that are obsolete and outdated process technologies and industrial policy restrictions, they should continue to adopt restrictive measures such as raising the differential tariff price increase standard to promote their shutdown.
Encourage chlor-alkali industry cogeneration and direct supply of alkali electricity, and strive to improve energy efficiency, and promote the coordinated development of alkali and electricity industries. The market economy principle and the experience of developed countries should be given to the chlor-alkali industry to distinguish the reasonable electricity prices of other industries, and to give policy support to the chlor-alkali industry for energy conservation and emission reduction, waste energy use, and rational use of resources. It is suggested that the electricity price of caustic soda electrolysis direct current is 20% lower than that of ordinary large industrial electricity consumption.
(VI) Actively promote the technological progress of the chlor-alkali industry and increase support for independent innovation Research and development of mercury pollution prevention and control technologies (development of new solid mercury catalysts, research and development of mercury-free catalysts), localization of ion-exchange membranes, research and development of oxygen cathodes, and development of dry acetylene The promotion and application of advanced process technologies such as low-mercury catalysts, **desorption and hydrogen chloride synthesis waste heat utilization will be the strategic factors related to the future sustainable development of the domestic chlor-alkali industry. Policy support and subsidies are whether the above energy-saving emission reduction technologies can One of the key factors for smooth promotion and application in the industry.
Therefore, it is recommended to encourage and increase capital investment to support the energy-saving emission reduction and clean production technology transformation of the chlor-alkali industry, support the promotion and application of home-made ion membranes, dry acetylene, and new dry cement manufacturing technologies, and give all calcium carbide catalysts that use low-mercury catalysts to be polymerized. Vinyl chloride production enterprises use policy subsidies. The policy and financial support for the research and development of new solid mercury catalysts and mercury-free catalysts used in the calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride.
(VII) Actively support the research and development of high value-added new products In view of the current low-level duplicated construction of low-end general-purpose model products in the domestic chlor-alkali industry, the industry will vigorously promote special grade PVC resin and high-value-added chlorine consumption in the next few years. The development and application of alkali-alkali products is a key link in upgrading the industrial structure of the chlor-alkali industry. In this process, government departments at all levels should increase investment in policies and funds and give substantive support to independent innovation enterprises.
(VIII) Actively promote the development of circular economy and increase environmental protection and governance From the policy point of view, the chlor-alkali enterprises adopting the development model of circular economy should continue to provide practical support in terms of fiscal tax, credit, and other aspects, and improve the adoption of advanced production technology by industrial enterprises. Consolidate the enthusiasm of upstream and downstream market resources to effectively promote the development of the circular economy of the chlor-alkali industry during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period.
(9) Implement reasonable policy recommendations on the export of some chlor-alkali products and import of raw materials. Provide reasonable policy support for the export of major chlor-alkali products and import of raw materials. In response to foreign trade protection and trade friction, research measures and take reasonable and necessary measures.
(10) Promoting the combination of chlor-alkali industry, petrochemical industry, and new coal chemical industry The combination of the chlor-alkali industry and petrochemical industry can promote rationalization of resource allocation, increase the size of production facilities, help balance production, reduce overall costs, and increase competition with large international companies. ability. It is recommended that the national policy guide the development of petrochemicals, new coal chemical industry and chlor-alkali industry.
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