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Figure: Accumulation of GFP when plants with recombinant genes were grown in a medium containing selenate ions (top) and quantification of GFP fluorescence (bottom). As can be seen from the figure, selenate ions can be detected and quantified based on GFP.
Kyushu University of Japan announced on March 8, 2016 that it has developed a method for the low-cost and simple detection of selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr), which are heavy metals present in the environment, using plants. For these elements, although all have environmental protection standard values, the analysis of these elements in the past required expensive instruments and techniques.
Selenium and chromium are present in the soil and in the water as selenate (SeO42-) and chromate (CrO42-) species. The structure of these two ions is similar to that of sulfate (SO42-). The sulfur contained in sulfate ions is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. Plants use sulfate ion transporters to absorb sulfate ions into the body.
The amount of sulfate ion transporter gene expression increases as the amount of sulfate ions in the environment decreases. Similar structure of selenate ions and chromate ions are also absorbed into the plant through the sulfate ion transporter, but absorption of these ions will hinder the absorption of sulfate ions, so the presence of selenate ions and chromate ions, will The amount of gene that causes the sulfate ion transporter increases.
This time, Kyushu University focused on this plant nutrient absorption mechanism and used Arabidopsis thaliana to detect and quantify selenate ions and chromate ions. The specific method is to combine the gene expression regulatory region of the sulfate ion transporter with the reporter gene GFP to express it in the plant. This plant strongly expresses GFP in a sulfur-poor environment and, at the same time, accumulates a large amount of GFP corresponding to the amount of selenate ions in the medium. In addition, chromate ions also gave the same result. The detection sensitivities of selenate and chromate ions were 1 μmol L-1 and 3 μmol L-1, respectively.
The environmental protection standard values ​​for selenium and chromium are as follows. The highest selenium concentration in drinking water is 0.01 mg and the total chromium content is 0.05 mg. The molar concentrations of selenate ions and chromate ions are respectively 0.13 μmol L-1 and 0.96 μmol L. -1. In the future, using this result as a model, by improving the reporter gene and gene expression regulatory regions, a more sensitive and easy-to-use method can be developed. In addition, the same method can be used for other harmful substances.
The results of this research have been published in the International Academic Journal "Soil Science & Plant Nutrition" on March 7th. (Reporter: Kudo Daisuke)
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