Red Earth and Jufeng are two common grape varieties in production. The main cultivation management techniques are now introduced as follows:
Red earth management method
The three-segment management method of the new shoot is unique to the red earth. The method adopts scaffolding to cultivate dragon dry pruning or double dragon dry pruning, and pruning is mainly based on middle and long tip pruning. The winter buds of this variety are easy to germinate, so pay special attention to the treatment of the secondary shoots during the summer tube. The commonly used method is as follows: 1-2 sub-tips are left after the top of the main tip is topped, and 1-2 sub-tips leave 3-4 leaves to be topped, and the sub-tips at the ear to the ear are left 1-2 leaves repeatedly. The secondary tips below the ear are removed. This method can effectively prevent winter buds and improve photosynthetic efficiency.
Fertilizer management. Apply 400 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu or 3000 kg of farmyard manure (full of decomposing), mix 40 kg of 25% compound microbial fertilizer, and add bio-bacteria, 5 kg is a suitable ratio. The soil topdressing is only carried out once a year, that is, 25 kg of compound microbial fertilizer per 2 mu of fruit in the fruit expansion period. In addition, 6-7 root dressings were applied in combination with spraying, 0.3% urea was sprayed in the young fruit stage, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed in the coloring stage.
Jufeng supporting cultivation measures
The Jufeng variety has serious flower drop and fruit size, and the ear has large and small grain phenomenon; the flowering stage is susceptible to gray mold; it is vulnerable to pests such as the two-leaf leafhopper and the winged moth; when the yield is too high, it is not suitable for coloring. Because of its strong resistance and adaptability, it can be cultivated in all parts of the country.
Reasonable trimming (for example, the fence) and the removal of strong branches with a diameter of 1.2 cm or more and thin branches of 0.7 cm or less. When trimming, the moderate diameter branch with a diameter of 0.7-1.1 cm is retained, and the amount of buds per acre of short-cut pruning should be controlled at 5000-5500.
Secondary tip processing. One week before the flower, 5-6 leaves were removed from the ears. The secondary shoots below the ear are all erased, and the top and the secondary tips are left with 2-3 leaves repeatedly. According to the number of inflorescences and the average single ear weight, the amount of ear per acre is determined, generally 1 ear per fruit branch. The yield and quality of Jufeng grape are closely related, and the yield per mu should be controlled at around 2000 kg.
The application of growth regulators in flower and fruit management. The application of PBO in Jufeng variety is better. After spraying PBO, the fruit setting rate was significantly improved, the weight gain of single fruit was about 1.0 g, the content of soluble solids was about 1.5 degrees, and the leaf size was moderate, thick, and the leaves were dark green.
Fertilizer management should reapply the base fertilizer. After the fruit is harvested every year, the base fertilizer is applied, accounting for about 80% of the annual fertilization amount. The base fertilizer applies 400 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per acre or 3000 kg of fully-fertilized farmyard manure, and mixes 40 kg of 25% compound microbial fertilizer, and can add biological microbial agents. 5 kg is suitable proportion. The soil topdressing is only carried out once a year, that is, 25 kg of compound microbial fertilizer per 2 mu of fruit in the fruit expansion period. In addition, 6-7 root dressings were applied in combination with spraying, 0.3% urea was sprayed in the young fruit stage, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed in the coloring stage. (This section is the same as Red Earth and is adjusted for production.)
The grapes are poured four times in key water throughout the year: 1 is the water after the base fertilizer; 2 is the winter water before the freezing; 3 is the germination water before the germination; 4 is the fruit during the expansion period. During the ripening period of the fruit, it is necessary to pay attention to water control, and timely drain when it is dry.
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