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According to a recent report by the American Physicists Organization Network, Rice University researchers invented a solid-state supercapacitor based on nanotubes. It is expected to integrate the best properties of high-energy batteries and fast-charge capacitors in one device to suit extreme environments. The relevant research results were published in the Carbon Magazine.
Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), commonly referred to as supercapacitors, have several hundred times more energy than battery-powered, fast-burst standard capacitors used to regulate flow or supply power, as well as the ability to rapidly charge and discharge. However, traditional EDLCs based on liquid or gel electrolytes can fail under overheating or undercooling conditions. The supercapacitor developed by the Rice team replaced the electrolyte with a solid nanometric surface layer of an oxide dielectric, avoiding this problem.
The key to supercapacitors is to allow electrons to have more surface area in their habitats, and nothing on the planet has more advantages than carbon nanotubes in this area. When put into use, nanotubes will self-assemble into dense, aligned structures. When converted into self-contained supercapacitors, each nanotube bundle is 500 times longer than its width, and a small chip may have tens of millions of nanobeams.
The Rice team first cultivated a large array of 50-micron arrays of nano-beam single-walled carbon nanotubes ranging from 15 nanometers to 20 nanometers for this new device. This array will in turn be converted into a copper electrode. The coating of this copper electrode consists of gold and titanium, which helps it improve adhesion and electrical stability. To improve the conductivity, nanotube bundles (original electrodes) are doped with sulfuric acid and then coated with a layer of aluminum oxide (dielectric layer) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (Al) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The electrode) film.
This kind of energy storage device has a wide range of applications. It can benefit from the small nano-circuit chips and the entire power plant. Researcher Kari-Pint said that no one has built this device with such a high aspect ratio material and ALD-like methods. "This supercapacitor can have a charge at high frequency cycles and can be naturally incorporated into the material."
Robert Hugger, a chemist at Rice Labs, claims that this new supercapacitor is stable and expandable. "All solid-state solutions for energy storage will be tightly integrated into many devices, including flexible displays, biological implants, multiple sensors and other electronic devices. They all benefit from rapid charging and discharging."
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