The theoretical study of graphene began in 1947 and has a history of 70 years. But the truly capable two-dimensional graphene crystals appeared in 2004: the research team led by AndreK. Geim, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Manchester, UK, first obtained graphene using a micromechanical stripping method. Due to its excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties, it is expected to be widely used in high-performance nanoelectronic devices, composite materials, field emission materials, gas sensors, energy storage, etc. Graphene has rapidly become a material science and cohesion in recent years. One of the research hotspots in the field of state physics.
After the first discovery of graphene, research on graphene technology has made encouraging progress. In the field of graphene preparation, how to achieve low-cost, high-quality, controllable production is the current research hotspot; in the field of graphene application, it is the semiconductor, electronics, materials, bioengineering and so on.
Graphene is still in the research and development stage. Countries are still in a patent layout period for this emerging material. There is still no industrialization trend, and the entire industrial chain has not yet formed. At present, the technical process for preparing graphene is immature, and it has not yet reached a consistent quality, and the finished product area is very small, which cannot be adapted to industrial applications, but the product price of up to 2,000 yuan/g and the broad market prospect are for all parties. Graphene research has not stopped.
The development of emerging technologies is inseparable from the support and guidance of policies. After the Nobel Prize was won by graphene discoverers in 2010, not only the global scientific research community has been competing, but governments have also increased their support for graphene research and development, hoping to seize this new round of graphene research and industrialization competition. First opportunity. Among the large graphene countries, the EU and its member states, the United States, Japan and South Korea have carried out relevant strategic deployments first, and introduced various support policies and research support programs, which are at the forefront of global graphene research and industrialization.
Graphene has not yet been industrialized, and the price is very high. At present, the domestic price is above 2,000 yuan/gram, which is close to ten times the price of gold. Graphene, with its special physical structure and characteristics, will bring revolutionary changes in many fields. Once mass production is bound to become the next trillion-level industry.
Developed countries focus on the development and application of graphene functional devices, and the global graphene market will enter a period of rapid development in the next 5-10 years. The United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea and other regions have issued policies intensively to support the development and industrialization of graphene functional devices. European and American enterprises occupy the key link of the global graphene industry chain. Graphene preparation technology, composite materials, core electronic components and other application products maintain a leading edge, and the market prospect of Asian graphene application is good.
The data shows that the global market for graphene in 2016 is 7.55 million US dollars. With the further development of graphene preparation technology, the market will enter a period of rapid development within five to ten years. By 2020, the market scale will reach 385 million US dollars, 2025. The global scale is expected to reach 2.103 billion US dollars.
According to the different characteristics and development difficulty of graphene, we summarize the following development paths:
â—† First of all, graphene powder and film products have been mass-produced, and the corresponding areas such as conductive and thermal conductive additives, anti-corrosion heat-dissipating materials, composite materials and touch screen applications are also expected to achieve breakthroughs.
Secondly, graphene's high conductivity, high specific capacity and specific surface area properties have been tried to improve the energy density and charge and discharge speed of supercapacitors; in addition, because its light sensitivity is 1000 times that of ordinary sensors, sensor applications are also It is expected to be achieved as a medium-term goal.
Finally, the largest area of ​​graphene imagination is the replacement of silicon, which is the basic material for the next generation of ultra-high-frequency transistors, used in high-performance integrated circuits and new nanoelectronic devices. The increase in computer speed requires a further increase in component integration density. However, silicon has entered the bottleneck in terms of size reduction. IBM will invest $3 billion in the post-silicon era technology deployment in the next five years. Graphene is one of the important technical directions. However, since graphene itself is a conductor, single-layer graphene has no band gap (BandGap), which cannot realize the transistor switching function necessary for logic circuits, and requires artificial implantation of a band gap or a composite material method, and the degree of process complexity is greatly improved. It will take time for the widespread use of microelectronics.
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