There are many kinds of intestinal infectious diseases in pigs, ranging from pigs that have been born for one day to pigs that are more than 20 weeks old. The types and causes of the pigs are mainly the following:
1 Bacterial disease. Commonly, there are piglet red carp, piglet, scutellaria, piglet, piglet paratyphoid and porcine proliferative enteritis caused by endogenous rosenbergii.
2 viral diseases. At present, there are three main types of viral intestinal infectious diseases in our province, namely, porcine infectious gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea and rotavirus infection.
3 swine dysentery. It is an intestinal infectious disease caused by porcine mucosal hemorrhagic diarrhea caused by Treponema pallidum.
The above types of diseases all show clinical symptoms characterized by diarrhea. The clinical manifestations of sick pigs are lack of energy, loss of appetite or even abolishment, and increased appetite. Later, the sick pig died of weight loss and died.
Main features of each disease
1 piglet red cockroach: is a highly lethal enterotoxin caused by Clostridium perfringens type C, also known as porcine Clostridium enteritis or piglet infectious necrotic enteritis. It is mainly caused by newborn piglets within 3 days of age. It is rarely afflicted at 7 days of age. It is often endemic, with an irregular incidence, short course and high mortality. It is characterized by red sticky feces and occasional vomiting. Small intestinal bleeding and necrosis, the contents of the intestines are red.
2 Piglet jaundice: An acute enteritis of nascent suckling pigs caused by infection with pathogenic E. coli. Piglets within 7 days of age are most susceptible to the disease, especially piglets of 1-3 days old. In a litter of piglets, as long as there is a hair disease, almost all litters in the pigs are affected within one or two days. The litter season is frequent, with high morbidity and mortality. Very small vomiting occurs in sick piglets, characterized by yellow water-like stools, and the course of the disease is acute or acute. The common small intestine was found to have acute catarrhal inflammation, and the duodenum was the most severe. Individuals have sepsis lesions.
3 piglet white peony: also known as late-onset colibacillosis, caused by pathogenic E. coli. Piglets mainly occur in 10-30 days old pigs, which are more common in 10-20 day old piglets, and piglets over one month old rarely occur. The incidence rate is closely related to various stress factors, generally around 50%, and the mortality rate is not high, mainly affecting the growth and development of piglets. The main symptom of the sick pig is diarrhea, which discharges a white-white-white paste with a special smelly stool. There was no significant change in body temperature and appetite. The sick pig is chilly, arched back, rough fur, stunted, and gradually lose weight. The length of the disease varies, usually about 3-7 days. Most of the sick pigs can recover on their own, but they are prone to recurrence. At the time of necropsy, only the characteristics of gastrointestinal catarrhal inflammation were observed.
4 Piglet paratyphoid: It is caused by Salmonella, so it is also called Salmonella typhimurium. Piglets from 1 to 4 months old have multiple occurrences, no obvious seasonality, and are endemic or sporadic. Adverse factors can induce the occurrence of this disease. The sick pig is characterized by sepsis, lack of energy, anorexia, difficulty in breathing, and diarrhea in the later stage. There are purple spots on the skin of the ear and the lower abdomen. Most of the course of disease is 1-4 days, the incidence rate is low, but the mortality rate is very high. The sick pig's temperature rises, sometimes vomiting, gray or yellow-green dilute, with blood or mucus, showing a stench. In terms of necropsy, acute cases are mainly characterized by sepsis, purple spots on the hindquarters and inferior skin, and dark splenomegaly. There is a small bleeding in the serosa and mucosa. There is a necrotic foci in the liver lymph nodes. The main characteristic lesions of chronic disease are necrotic enteritis of the cecum colon and ileum.
5 Swine dysentery: It is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. This pig disease occurs only in pigs, most commonly in pigs aged 2-4 months. The seasonality of epidemic is not obvious, and the spread is slow, but the epidemic period is longer and it is easy to relapse. The incidence rate is high and the mortality rate is low. The main symptom is that the sick pig has a slightly higher body temperature in the early stage of the disease, and then normal, discharges the feces mixed with mucus and blood, and is oily or jelly-like. The lesion is characterized by catarrhal hemorrhagic enteritis, fibrinous exudation and mucosal surface necrosis of the large intestine mucosa.
6 porcine transmissible gastroenteritis: an acute high-infectious intestinal disease caused by infectious gastroenteritis virus in pigs. The disease occurs mostly in the cold season of winter and spring, with rapid spread and high incidence. Pigs of all ages can develop disease. Piglets within 10 days of age are most susceptible to infection. The incidence and mortality rate of piglets within 7 days of age can reach 100%. With the increase of age, the mortality rate gradually decreases. The clinical features of sick pigs are characterized by vomiting, rapid diarrhea and severe dehydration, and adult pigs recover within a few days. The lesions are characterized by gastrointestinal catarrhal inflammation and small intestinal mucosal atrophy.
7 Porcine epidemic diarrhea: An acute infectious disease of pigs caused by epidemic diarrhea virus. Its prevalence and pathology are very similar to those of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, but the prevalence is slower in pigs and piglets die. The rate is lower.
8 Porcine rotavirus disease: It is a viral acute infectious disease. It occurs mostly in piglets under 8 weeks of age. It is more common in cold seasons. The pigs are yellow-white or gray-colored water-like dung. The incidence rate is high and the mortality rate is low. Anatomical lesions are similar to porcine transmissible gastroenteritis but are less severe. If it is mixed with other bacteria or viruses, the condition is serious and the mortality rate is high.
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Integrated control measures
1 pig disease prevention and treatment principles
Adhere to the principle of self-supporting and self-supporting, it is strictly forbidden to introduce seedlings and seedlings from areas or areas where the epidemic is unknown, to prevent the introduction of infectious sources. The principle of “complete disinfection and complete disinfection†is implemented for childbirth housing. The pig house should be insulated and ventilated, warm in winter and cool in summer, and kept clean and dry. The pigs are usually raised and managed to ensure the quality of the feed and eliminate the cause of the disease.
The week before the birth of the sows, the whole body is washed with warm water and thoroughly disinfected. At the time of delivery, each nipple squeezes out a small amount of milk to wash the bacteria and dirt in the nipple hole, and wipes the breast and nipple with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, then sucks the piglet to the colostrum as soon as possible, so that the piglet Get colostrum antibodies quickly to increase resistance. When the piglets are cut and cut, the umbilical scissors should be strictly disinfected to prevent infection. At the same time, it is necessary to feed the piglets early and, if necessary, inject enough anti-anemia drugs to the piglets, and strengthen the feeding management before and after weaning. Do not suddenly change the feed and feeding methods, and the feed volume should be gradually increased.
2 immunization
This is the main means of preventing and treating infectious diseases. Each field should develop a scientific immunization program based on actual conditions.
(1) Piglet red mites: Inject pregnant piglets with red sputum vaccine. After the piglet is born, the anti-porcine red sputum serum is injected in time, and 3 ml of muscle per kilogram of body weight is injected to obtain sufficient protection.
(2) piglet scutellaria piglet white peony: E. coli seedlings for injection into pregnant sows: E. coli K88 K99 bivalent genetic engineering seedling Escherichia coli K88 K99 987P trivalent inactivated vaccine and the latter plus F41 The price is inactivated. In addition, inactivated live seedlings sometimes work better. The vaccine is used by intramuscular injection of 5 ml each time during the 30-35 days before the sow and during the period of 15-20 days. At present, the piglet Astragalus 4P oil seedlings are applied for intramuscular injection of pregnant sows 20-40 days before labor, 2 ml per pig.
(3) Piglet paratyphoid: At present, there are mainly polyvalent paratyphoid inactivated vaccines and piglet paratyphoid attenuated freeze-dried vaccines, the latter with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, and its immune effect is better than the former.
(4) Swine dysentery: There is currently no effective vaccine vaccine for preventing these two diseases. In the production, the disease is mainly controlled by drugs to control its occurrence and prevalence.
(5) Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine epidemic diarrhea: two inactivated vaccines for the two diseases and attenuated porcine infectious gastroenteritis vaccines currently used in production.
(6) Porcine rotavirus disease: Sow or piglets can be immunized with pig rotavirus oil adjuvant inactivated vaccine or swine rotavirus attenuated bivalent vaccine.
3 drug prevention
The treatment of gastrointestinal infectious diseases in piglets is based on the principle of antibiotic rehydration and maternal treatment.
(1) Sows can be fed a proper amount of laxatives such as magnesium sulfate before delivery to prevent constipation. The feed of lactating sows may be appropriately added with drugs such as sulfa drugs such as tacromycin and tyranol.
(2) Immediately after the occurrence of a sick pig in the litter, preventive drug treatment is given to the whole litter, which can reduce the loss. For the treatment of the following symptoms of sputum as the main symptom, the available drugs are chloramphenicol kanamycin oxytetracycline tetracycline gentamicin berberine 痢 痢 痢 and 痢 净 (mainly used for swine dysentery) enrofloxacin And sulfonamides, etc., the above drugs according to the body weight of the prescribed dose, preferably oral, 2-3 times a day, for 4-5 days. When the sick pig is dehydrated seriously, it can be administered orally or intraperitoneally with 2% glucose rehydration salt. When the medicine or rehydration is used, supplementing the micro-element to the piglet can improve the curative effect. For older pigs, antibiotics can be added to the feed to prevent intestinal diseases caused by bacteria. For example, proliferative enteritis, the choice of drugs are: 1 tylosin: 100 grams per ton of feed, for 3 weeks. 2 Tai Nong: Add 100 grams per ton of feed for 2 weeks; 3 tiamulin: add 50 grams per ton of feed for 3 weeks. The above several drugs are used as an additive to prevent and treat the disease, and the effect is good. In addition, the antibiotics currently used for the treatment of the disease include erythromycin tetracycline vilimycin and thiamucin. Each farm can use intermittent methods according to the incidence of the herd.
(3) Symptomatic therapy: It can reduce the symptoms of sick pigs and promote the recovery of physiological functions. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased pigs are treated with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and fluid replacement treatments; in the medium term, hypophosphoric acid or medicinal carbon powder is used to astringent; in the recovery period, artificial salt and baking soda and stomach are scattered; A multi-enzyme tablet yeast pepsin and lactase can be used as a stomachic agent.
4 Prevention of live bacterial preparations: Live bacterial preparations are a new method for controlling intestinal diseases in animals in recent years. Due to the use of antibacterial drugs in the process of killing pathogenic bacteria, it also destroys the original normal flora of the body, resulting in imbalance of the micro-ecological balance of the organism, increasing the sensitivity of the body to foreign infections, and promoting the resistance of the resistant strains. produce. At present, the products used in production include “tweezing studentsâ€, “breast health†and “stop linglingâ€. These live bacterial preparations are administered before piglets are fed, which have good effects on prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli diarrhea. However, it cannot be used simultaneously with antibacterial drugs.
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