Cabbage cultivated in the greenhouse can be listed before the Spring Festival. At this time, it is the off-season of the vegetable market. Compared with the open field cultivation, it not only avoids the peak supply of the vegetable market, but also increases the price by 1-2 times, while the cultivation of protected areas is reduced. The harm of the pests to the cabbage, which also saves a certain amount of human and material resources. Cabbage was planted around October, and the listing before the Spring Festival was highly effective. Cabbage is cultivated in the greenhouse, with a yield of 3,000-4,000 kg per mu.
First, the variety selection
At present, the main varieties of cabbage are 8398, Zhonggan 11 and so on.
Second, nursery
The ratio of the matrix is: the prepared matrix has better water retention and fertilizer retention properties; it has good permeability and can provide a certain amount of nutrients; it does not accumulate water, contains no toxic substances and can fix the whole plant body; the ratio is: Perlite: Peat: Soil = 2:1:2. The trays are neatly discharged on the seedbed, and the prepared substrate is poured into the trays, and the holes are scraped from one side of the trays to the other side with a scraper, so that each of the holes is filled with a matrix; The watering can of the nozzle is sprayed with water. According to the specifications of the plug tray, a pressing hole "wooden nail board" is prepared, and the wooden nail is cylindrical, and the diameter is 0.8-1 cm, and the height is about 0.6 cm, and the hole is pressed on the tray which is filled with the substrate. The depth of the pressing hole is about 0.5 cm, and the sowing depth is 0.5-1 cm. The temperature during the day before emergence is maintained at 20 ° C -25 ° C, at night 12 ° C - 15 ° C, 5-7 days can be emerged, the germination rate can reach more than 85%. After the emergence of the seedlings, the temperature during the daytime is maintained at about 20 °C, and at night, the temperature is between 10 °C and 13 °C. After the seedlings are released, artificial weeding and seedlings should be carried out in time. When the seedling age is about 25 days, the three leaves are transplanted. 10-15 days after the emergence of the seedlings, 0.5% of the vitamin A microemulsion 2000-3000 times solution, or 20% of the moths clear emulsion 2000 times solution spray to control pests such as cabbage caterpillars and small caterpillars. Use 72% agricultural sulphuric acid WP 3500-6000 times solution, or 10% phenyl ether carbazole water dispersion granule 1500 times solution to prevent diseases such as soft rot and stem rot of cabbage; every 7-10 days Take the medicine once.
Third, seedlings, planting
When the seedlings grow to the three leaves and one heart, the seedlings are selected, and the selection is carried out on a sunny day without wind. Planting depth is 2-3 cm, the depth of covering soil is below the cotyledon, the spacing of seedlings is 10-12 cm, 80-90 plants per square meter, and the seedlings should be even.
Management after transplanting: When transplanting, use corn stalks in the south of the shed to facilitate the slow seedlings. After 5-7 days, the seedlings survive and remove the corn stalks in time. The temperature in the seedling shed is controlled at 18 ° C - 20 ° C during the day and 6 ° C - 8 ° C during the night.
The seedlings are gradually cooled down 7-10 days before planting. Colonization began about 25 days after seedlings. Strong seedling standards: 6-7 true leaves, thick leaves, deep color, thick stems, developed roots, seedling age 50-60 days. According to the growth of seedlings, it can be planted around mid-November.
Preparation before planting: Clean the greenhouse, apply 4000 kg of fermented pig, cow and sheep ring per mu, and apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, urea and potassium fertilizer in a ratio of 2:1:1. Deeply turn the soil 15-20 cm, and then make a sorghum with a width of 0.85-0.9 m and a height of 10-15 cm. The spacing between the rafts is 0.3-0.5 m. Planting on the raft is 35 cm in length, 45 cm in row spacing, 10-15 cm deep, and 4000-5000 plants per acre. After the planting, the water is poured in time, and the watering amount is preferably immersed in the vegetable ridge.
Fourth, field management after planting
1, temperature, water management
After planting, the temperature is kept at 22 °C -25 °C during the daytime to promote the slow seedlings to facilitate the occurrence of new roots. After the slow seedlings, the room temperature is controlled at 18 °C-22 °C during the daytime, 10 °C at night, and the ventilation starts at 20 °C during the day. Close the vent at around 15 °C and cover the straw at around 10 °C. The indoor air humidity is 80%-90%, and the soil moisture is 70%-80% of the field water holding capacity. 20-25 days after planting, the seedling water should be poured, and the seedling water should not be too large.
2. Pest control
The cultivation of cabbage in the greenhouse is less affected by external environmental factors than the open field cultivation, so there are fewer pests and diseases. Common diseases in cultivation include black rot, root rot, and black spot. 70% chlorothalonil Mn-Zn wettable powder 1000-1200 times solution, 72% agricultural sulphate-soluble powder 2000 times solution, 2% spring seromycin WP 500 times solution, 50% root disease (Fumei double) Wettable powder 1000-1500 times liquid rotation use, has a good control effect. For insects such as cabbage cabbage and small green worm, 25% black light (probromophosphonium methomyl) emulsifiable oil 1500-2500 times liquid, 0.5% methyl salt 2000-3000 times liquid and other insecticides can be used to avoid pests. Drug resistance.
V. Harvesting
According to the growth of cabbage and market demand, when the size of the leaf ball is fixed and the firmness reaches 80%, it will be harvested and listed one by one. The outer leaves should be preserved when harvesting to protect the leaf ball from mechanical damage and pathogen invasion. .
(Guo Shang)
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