After infrared technology was discovered by British astronomer Herschel in 1800, more and more scientists were studying how to apply it in various occasions. The application of active infrared camera technology in security monitoring has been rapid for more than 20 years. The development of technology is more mature. Infrared cameras are developing and growing at lightning speed, and the types of products are constantly diversifying, and the application fields are being further expanded.
First, infrared camera product features
Infrared cameras are generally divided into two major categories. One is analog infrared cameras, and the other is infrared network cameras. But no matter what kind of infrared camera has the same characteristics, its main manifestations are: (1) different characteristics of infrared light source; (2) choice of low-light camera. Only combining these two points with an infrared camera can be an excellent product.
For different use occasions, different infrared light sources and distances must be selected. The main features of the infrared light source are as follows: Infrared light is an invisible light with a wavelength greater than 780 nm. There are two types of infrared lights currently used in infrared cameras.
(I) Use infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs) or LED arrays to generate infrared light. The device generates infrared light by recombination of electrons and holes in gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors;
(b) Using an infrared laser diode LD, it can also be used as an infrared light source. However, it is required to excite or pump the electrons in the lower energy state to the higher energy state, and to maintain the stimulated radiant infrared light through a large number of particle distribution inversions and resonances.
The first one is an infrared lamp composed of an array of semiconductor gallium arsenide light-emitting diodes, and in particular, an array-type integrated light-emitting chip LEDArray developed and produced using a new technology. The LED-Array has an optical output of 800mW-1000mw, which has become a replacement for ordinary LEDs. The LED-Array has a luminous half-power angle of 10-120° (variable angle). Since the LED-Array is a highly integrated LED and has a volume of only one penny coin, its lifetime is 50,000 hours.
The second is the use of an infrared laser diode LD. For the monitoring of ultra-long-distance scenes above 1km, it is still necessary to select an infrared LD light source. Because the semiconductor laser has higher brightness and directional characteristics than the LED.
The characteristics of the infrared light source with different monitoring distances: As the infrared LED can be mounted on the lens, it can be used with infrared sensors, or directly on the chassis around the camera and lens interfaces. Obviously, these two types of assembled infrared LEDs are less, and the irradiated distance is certainly not as far away as the individual infrared LED lights. Generally more than 50m, it is best to use a separate infrared lamp as well, and the other LD is used for night vision lighting of the monitoring scene of more than 1km distance, but the LD beam is thin and strong, in order to make the infrared beam illuminate a certain range of scenes, when used It also needs to be expanded by a beam expander lens.
Infrared camera sensor chip features: At present, the camera's photosensitive devices are CMOS and CCD. Like the CCD, the CMOS image sensor chip also responds to infrared light waves, but its sensitivity is much higher than the CCD image sensor chip in the 890-980 nm range, and the attenuation gradient is also slower as the wavelength increases. General infrared camera sensor chip technical indicators are all requirements of the contrast is generally ≤ 0.02Lux, are used day and night automatic conversion function. The larger the size of the infrared camera image sensor, the better. Because 1/4 CCD can not be used for effective distance of infrared night vision more than 15m, because the luminous flux of 1/4CCD is only 50% of 1/3CCD. The CCD has a large size and receives a large luminous flux; the CCD has a small size and receives less luminous flux. Therefore, the night vision camera more than 1/2 CCD, 1/3 of the test can also be feasible, but definitely can not choose 1/4.
Infrared camera lens features: infrared lens. Due to the ordinary optical lens, the infrared light reflected from the object back to the lens cannot be effectively focused on the CCD target surface. At this time, the infrared night vision effect will be greatly reduced, so it is best to use an infrared lens. In particular, color-to-black cameras cannot use the infrared lens to make the day-night surveillance focal plane consistent, resulting in the inability of the day-night images to remain clear.
Second, infrared camera FAQ application debugging
(I) Installation Precautions 1. Debug the infrared light must be performed at night. The infrared beam illumination position is adjusted at night through an imaging device such as a monitor. And can effectively adjust the lens aperture settings.
2. The infrared light can't directly face the camera. The infrared light seen by the camera is the same as the sunlight that humans see.
3. The infrared lamp is not necessarily installed in the same position as the camera. If the camera is far away from the illuminated object, you may consider installing the infrared lamp between the two. The best way to install in the same location is to install the infrared lamp and the camera in an overlapping manner.
4. The installation height of the infrared lamp should not exceed 4 meters, too high will affect the reflectivity of light. The angle should be from the top down angle of 20 degrees, and the elevation angle is too large to reflect.
5. The working indicator of the infrared lamp must be guaranteed (see the product specification for details). For example, the power of the infrared lamp must be higher than the working power of the infrared lamp itself.
6. The user must first read the instruction manual carefully when using the infrared light, especially the precautions to ensure personal safety. Check whether the supporting aspects mentioned in the previous section meet the requirements. Whether the influencing factors that should be taken into consideration should be taken into consideration, if not meet the requirements, the equipment used can be adjusted in time.
(2) Points of attention when using the instrument: First of all, using a large-angle infrared lamp with a lens at a small viewing angle has a waste of light. Secondly, the larger the angle of emission of the infrared lamp, the better the screen effect.
The problem of the amount of light passing: the relative aperture determines the light transmission capability of the lens, and the relative light flux of the lens whose aperture is f1.0 is four times that of the lens of the relative aperture f2.0. The same camera and infrared light are used together with the above two types. Lens, infrared action distance can be doubled. Large-aperture lens in the infrared monitoring, the conventional lens is four to ten times better, it stands to reason that infrared night vision monitoring must be supporting products. But due to high costs, technical difficulties, Most infrared product manufacturers do not have the ability to supply.
Focus shift problem: visible light and infrared light due to different wavelengths, the imaging focus is not on a plane, resulting in clear images under visible light conditions during the day, and blurred under nighttime infrared light conditions, or clear images under nighttime infrared light conditions, daytime visible light conditions Under the image is blurred. It can be solved in three ways. First, the use of automatic focusing integrated camera; Second, the use of special focus does not shift the lens; Third, the use of professional adjustment tools, under the existing lens conditions can also be achieved Does not shift the color problem: all black and white cameras are sensitive to infrared light. Infrared light is a stray light in the visible light conditions for color cameras, will reduce the color camera resolution and color reproduction, color camera filter The film is to prevent infrared rays from participating in imaging. To make the color camera sense infrared light, there are two methods. First, switch the filter and block the infrared light from entering under the visible light condition; remove the filter under the condition of no visible light and let the infrared light. Into, this scheme gets good image quality but high cost and switching machine The structure will lead to a certain failure rate. Second, a specific infrared channel is opened on the filter, allowing the infrared light with the same wavelength as the infrared light to come in. This method does not increase the cost, but the color reproduction is slightly worse.
How far can infrared night vision go? When the technology arrives home, an infrared night vision system over 100 meters is not a problem. When technology arrives at home, it means that infrared light technology, infrared sensor camera technology and infrared sensor lens technology must be mastered at the same time. All three are indispensable. The distance has been more than 500 meters, but the cost is relatively high, and the civilian market is still relatively limited.
First, infrared camera product features
Infrared cameras are generally divided into two major categories. One is analog infrared cameras, and the other is infrared network cameras. But no matter what kind of infrared camera has the same characteristics, its main manifestations are: (1) different characteristics of infrared light source; (2) choice of low-light camera. Only combining these two points with an infrared camera can be an excellent product.
For different use occasions, different infrared light sources and distances must be selected. The main features of the infrared light source are as follows: Infrared light is an invisible light with a wavelength greater than 780 nm. There are two types of infrared lights currently used in infrared cameras.
(I) Use infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs) or LED arrays to generate infrared light. The device generates infrared light by recombination of electrons and holes in gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors;
(b) Using an infrared laser diode LD, it can also be used as an infrared light source. However, it is required to excite or pump the electrons in the lower energy state to the higher energy state, and to maintain the stimulated radiant infrared light through a large number of particle distribution inversions and resonances.
The first one is an infrared lamp composed of an array of semiconductor gallium arsenide light-emitting diodes, and in particular, an array-type integrated light-emitting chip LEDArray developed and produced using a new technology. The LED-Array has an optical output of 800mW-1000mw, which has become a replacement for ordinary LEDs. The LED-Array has a luminous half-power angle of 10-120° (variable angle). Since the LED-Array is a highly integrated LED and has a volume of only one penny coin, its lifetime is 50,000 hours.
The second is the use of an infrared laser diode LD. For the monitoring of ultra-long-distance scenes above 1km, it is still necessary to select an infrared LD light source. Because the semiconductor laser has higher brightness and directional characteristics than the LED.
The characteristics of the infrared light source with different monitoring distances: As the infrared LED can be mounted on the lens, it can be used with infrared sensors, or directly on the chassis around the camera and lens interfaces. Obviously, these two types of assembled infrared LEDs are less, and the irradiated distance is certainly not as far away as the individual infrared LED lights. Generally more than 50m, it is best to use a separate infrared lamp as well, and the other LD is used for night vision lighting of the monitoring scene of more than 1km distance, but the LD beam is thin and strong, in order to make the infrared beam illuminate a certain range of scenes, when used It also needs to be expanded by a beam expander lens.
Infrared camera sensor chip features: At present, the camera's photosensitive devices are CMOS and CCD. Like the CCD, the CMOS image sensor chip also responds to infrared light waves, but its sensitivity is much higher than the CCD image sensor chip in the 890-980 nm range, and the attenuation gradient is also slower as the wavelength increases. General infrared camera sensor chip technical indicators are all requirements of the contrast is generally ≤ 0.02Lux, are used day and night automatic conversion function. The larger the size of the infrared camera image sensor, the better. Because 1/4 CCD can not be used for effective distance of infrared night vision more than 15m, because the luminous flux of 1/4CCD is only 50% of 1/3CCD. The CCD has a large size and receives a large luminous flux; the CCD has a small size and receives less luminous flux. Therefore, the night vision camera more than 1/2 CCD, 1/3 of the test can also be feasible, but definitely can not choose 1/4.
Infrared camera lens features: infrared lens. Due to the ordinary optical lens, the infrared light reflected from the object back to the lens cannot be effectively focused on the CCD target surface. At this time, the infrared night vision effect will be greatly reduced, so it is best to use an infrared lens. In particular, color-to-black cameras cannot use the infrared lens to make the day-night surveillance focal plane consistent, resulting in the inability of the day-night images to remain clear.
Second, infrared camera FAQ application debugging
(I) Installation Precautions 1. Debug the infrared light must be performed at night. The infrared beam illumination position is adjusted at night through an imaging device such as a monitor. And can effectively adjust the lens aperture settings.
2. The infrared light can't directly face the camera. The infrared light seen by the camera is the same as the sunlight that humans see.
3. The infrared lamp is not necessarily installed in the same position as the camera. If the camera is far away from the illuminated object, you may consider installing the infrared lamp between the two. The best way to install in the same location is to install the infrared lamp and the camera in an overlapping manner.
4. The installation height of the infrared lamp should not exceed 4 meters, too high will affect the reflectivity of light. The angle should be from the top down angle of 20 degrees, and the elevation angle is too large to reflect.
5. The working indicator of the infrared lamp must be guaranteed (see the product specification for details). For example, the power of the infrared lamp must be higher than the working power of the infrared lamp itself.
6. The user must first read the instruction manual carefully when using the infrared light, especially the precautions to ensure personal safety. Check whether the supporting aspects mentioned in the previous section meet the requirements. Whether the influencing factors that should be taken into consideration should be taken into consideration, if not meet the requirements, the equipment used can be adjusted in time.
(2) Points of attention when using the instrument: First of all, using a large-angle infrared lamp with a lens at a small viewing angle has a waste of light. Secondly, the larger the angle of emission of the infrared lamp, the better the screen effect.
The problem of the amount of light passing: the relative aperture determines the light transmission capability of the lens, and the relative light flux of the lens whose aperture is f1.0 is four times that of the lens of the relative aperture f2.0. The same camera and infrared light are used together with the above two types. Lens, infrared action distance can be doubled. Large-aperture lens in the infrared monitoring, the conventional lens is four to ten times better, it stands to reason that infrared night vision monitoring must be supporting products. But due to high costs, technical difficulties, Most infrared product manufacturers do not have the ability to supply.
Focus shift problem: visible light and infrared light due to different wavelengths, the imaging focus is not on a plane, resulting in clear images under visible light conditions during the day, and blurred under nighttime infrared light conditions, or clear images under nighttime infrared light conditions, daytime visible light conditions Under the image is blurred. It can be solved in three ways. First, the use of automatic focusing integrated camera; Second, the use of special focus does not shift the lens; Third, the use of professional adjustment tools, under the existing lens conditions can also be achieved Does not shift the color problem: all black and white cameras are sensitive to infrared light. Infrared light is a stray light in the visible light conditions for color cameras, will reduce the color camera resolution and color reproduction, color camera filter The film is to prevent infrared rays from participating in imaging. To make the color camera sense infrared light, there are two methods. First, switch the filter and block the infrared light from entering under the visible light condition; remove the filter under the condition of no visible light and let the infrared light. Into, this scheme gets good image quality but high cost and switching machine The structure will lead to a certain failure rate. Second, a specific infrared channel is opened on the filter, allowing the infrared light with the same wavelength as the infrared light to come in. This method does not increase the cost, but the color reproduction is slightly worse.
How far can infrared night vision go? When the technology arrives home, an infrared night vision system over 100 meters is not a problem. When technology arrives at home, it means that infrared light technology, infrared sensor camera technology and infrared sensor lens technology must be mastered at the same time. All three are indispensable. The distance has been more than 500 meters, but the cost is relatively high, and the civilian market is still relatively limited.
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