In the cold winter season, green and green feed is lacking, and livestock and poultry are prone to vitamin deficiency. Vitamins are rarely needed in various livestock systems, but they are essential for maintaining the normal physiological functions of livestock and poultry. In the absence of livestock, the growth and development of livestock and poultry is hindered, productivity is reduced, and even diseases occur.
Vitamin A: It can maintain the health of the mucosal epithelial tissues of various organ systems and its normal physiological functions, and maintain the normal vision and reproductive function of cattle. Lack of vitamin A can cause a series of diseases with weakened mucosal epithelial tissue and pregnancy diseases, such as abortion, stillbirth and so on. Vitamin A should be replenished in the following cases: forage is mainly straw; after hay frost harvest; simple corn silage (even corn after chopsticks), corn in concentrates and other varieties account for a very low proportion; colostrum and often Insufficient milk feeding, early weaned calves, artificial milk prepared by ourselves; supplementation during heat stress and transportation is very necessary, generally 0.5 to 1.0 times.
Vitamin D: The main function is to adjust the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, metabolism and bone growth and development, vitamin D deficiency can cause yak yak and cow rickets. The demand for yak and growing cattle is generally considered to be 660 international units per 100 kg of body weight. The lactating cows are 30 international units per kilogram of body weight. Prenatal lactating cows (especially high-yielding cattle) should be injected with vitamin A, D, and E in the first half of the month before birth, which can obviously prevent postpartum diseases.
Vitamin E: The main role is to eliminate biological antioxidants and free radicals, which can improve the immune response of cells and body fluids. When yak is deficient in vitamin E, it is characterized by muscle malnutrition, and adult cattle can get enough from natural feed. The long-term storage of the feed reduces the vitamin E content as the storage time increases. At the time of feeding, calves need 25 to 40 international units of dry matter per kilogram of diet and 15 international units of lactating cows.
Water-soluble vitamin B family: including thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, biotin, niacin, vitamin B12, choline, etc., all play a role in physiological metabolism. However, the rumen microorganisms of cattle can be synthesized, and the supply of vitamin B family before the rumen's rumen is normal is mostly from milk. Therefore, attention should be paid to the warming of fresh milk for feeding cattle, generally within 40 °C.
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