Discussion on the experience of high yield fertilization of Chinese yam

Need fertilizer characteristics. Yam has a longer growth period and requires a lot of fertilizer, especially for organic fertilizers with long fertilizer effects. Since the formation of tubers is accompanied by the accumulation of substances such as starch, the demand for phosphorus and potassium is relatively large. In the early stage of growth, due to low temperature, the release of organic nutrients is slow. It is advisable to supply an appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of stems and leaves. The growth of tubers in the middle and late growth season is increasing rapidly. It is necessary to absorb a large amount of nutrients, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Lack of premature aging. Yam is a chlorine-repellent crop. Excessive chlorine ions in the soil will affect the growth of yam. The vines grow vigorously, the tuber yield is reduced, the quality is reduced, the fragility is easy to break, and it is not resistant to storage and transportation. Therefore, it is not advisable to apply chlorine-containing fertilizers.

Fertilization technology. Yam fertilization is generally based on base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing. The base fertilizer is mainly based on fully fertilized high-quality farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, and can also be applied in the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The focus of top dressing is in the period of tuber expansion. It is necessary to apply appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer due to the growth of the plant to promote longevity and prevent premature aging. Fertilized farmyard manure per mu (2000-4000 kg, equal amount of compound fertilizer (18-18-18) 60-80 kg (fully mixed before application), or 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of urea, diammonium phosphate 25 kg, potassium sulfate 30 kg. The base fertilizer was uniformly applied to the whole field before the preparation of the soil. After the application, the fertilizer was ploughed into a 30 cm layer. The principle of skillful topdressing is “pre-weight, medium-term stability, and early prevention of premature aging”.
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