After the spring, it is the peak period of vegetable cultivation. At present, growers should pay close attention to the winter leisure period, make plans, prepare materials, and purchase seeds to lay the foundation for high yield and quality.
Fertilizer
The crop straw, weeds, soil, garbage, human and animal excrement, etc. are mixed and piled up and fully rotted, so that a good fertilizer compost can be made. The fertilizer has relatively complete nutrients, which can basically meet the needs of vegetable growth and development, improve soil, enhance soil fertility, and inhibit plant diseases.
Since composting is mainly made by microbial fermentation, it is necessary to create conditions conducive to microbial life activities. These conditions include 60%-75% moisture, 20% human excrement, 2%-4% lime or plant ash, a temperature of 40-50 °C, and a certain pH and proper aeration conditions. The composting method is as follows
First, choose the compost address to prevent leakage. Generally, you should choose a shelter from the wind, good drainage, close to the vegetable field, and tighten the ground. Use it as a soil stem or digging a cross-shaped ditch. The ditch should also be tapped tightly. Then lay the straw about 50 cm high, cover one. Layer of loam or sludge, so restocking, cover soil to a pile height of about 1.6 meters, seal the pile with mud.
Second, the pile should be wet and dry, and the dry material should be softened with water. When stacking, add 2-3 times of water to the raw material. Continue to pour some water in the heap.
Third, to apply nitrogen fertilizer, 150-250 kg of manure water can be added in layers of 500 kg of material, or 1.5-2.5 kg of urea or ammonium sulfate can be sprinkled. Conditionally add 10-15 kg of lime to promote the fermentation of the pile.
Fourth, in the middle of the pile, insert waste bamboo stalks or tree strips from top to bottom, and 5-7 pieces are bundled into vent holes.
Finally, it is necessary to turn over the pile properly, and turn the pile up in time after the high temperature of the fermentation, usually 1-2 times. Turn the unburned material into the middle of the pile and make a small amount of manure. Loose at the beginning of the pile, compact after turning over. After turning over the pile, it is still sealed with mud to reduce nutrient loss.
Clean pastoral
Cleaning the pastoral can eliminate winter pests. The method is to cut off the weeds inside and outside the vegetable field, and bring the dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased fruits and waste roots away from the vegetable fields, buried deep into the soil or dried in the sun.
There is also a practical plan for the production of the spring.
For each vegetable producer, regardless of its size, in order to make rational use of the land and give full play to the effectiveness of production facilities, it is necessary to scientifically grow vegetables and formulate this year's vegetable planting plan according to market demand.
After the planting plan is determined, the cultivation techniques will be formulated, and the production materials such as new seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, films, and agricultural machinery will be selected. It is also important to arrange labor and economic expenses reasonably to obtain greater economic and social benefits. To formulate a vegetable planting plan, you must pay attention to the following aspects.
1 According to the respective production conditions and the amount of labor required for planting vegetables or varieties, the degree of technical difficulty, determine the planting area of ​​vegetables, such as protection facilities, labor, water and fertilizer.
2 Adopt new planting methods or introduce new vegetable varieties or varieties. Pay attention to the differences in climatic conditions between regions and local consumption habits. It should be gradually developed on the basis of the success of small-area trials.
3 Develop a planting plan to contribute to the market's annual equilibrium supply. It is necessary to pay attention to the blocking season during the season, to avoid the peak season, and to extend the supply period, which is beneficial to the market supply and can improve economic efficiency.
4 There are many kinds of vegetables and seasonal, so the arrangement of mouthwash is more complicated. When making plans, it is necessary to make full use of the effective production season in the region, pay attention to the connection time with the front and back, and pay attention to reasonable lodging to avoid continuous cropping of similar vegetables to reduce the spread and infection of pests and diseases.
5 When formulating the planting plan, it is necessary not only to arrange the appropriate vegetable types, but also to select the fine varieties suitable for local conditions.
6 While formulating the planting plan for each season of the year, it is necessary to correctly summarize the production experience and lessons of the previous year according to the needs of market changes.
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