In recent years, the prevalence of chicken diseases has gradually increased, and the harm of bacterial chicken diseases has gradually increased. The current characteristics of chicken disease and the problems in prevention and treatment are more complicated.
The drawbacks caused by the use of antibiotics as feed additives (normal gastrointestinal flora, drug resistance, drug residues, etc.) have gradually been recognized, and microecological preparations have regulate the intestinal microflora and enhance immunity of livestock and poultry. It has been widely recognized that it can replace antibiotics to a certain extent.
1 micro-ecological preparations to prevent chicken disease mechanism
Antagonizing animal pathogens to maintain and regulate intestinal ecological balance Under normal circumstances, animal intestinal microflora is in a dynamic micro-ecological balance. When the body is affected by certain stress, the adrenal hyperfunction, the secretion of adrenal cortexone increases, the amount of mucin as the main nutrient source of anaerobic bacteria secreted by the digestive tract increases, the production of organic acid decreases, and the E. coli is proliferated. The number of anaerobic bacteria or aerobic bacteria increases, and the decomposition of proteins produces toxic substances such as amines and ammonia, which further cause disturbance of intestinal flora. At the same time, the production of harmful substances, stimulate intestinal peristalsis and secretion abnormalities, resulting in diarrhea, enteritis, hinder the growth and development of animals, reduce their production performance. Microecological preparations maintain the intestinal ecological balance in the intestine mainly through biological oxygen scavenging. This is because the dominant bacteria of the intestinal tract are mostly anaerobic bacteria, while the harmful bacteria and foreign bacteria are mostly aerobic bacteria. Bacillus is a harmless aerobic bacterium. After reaching the intestinal resurrection, it can consume oxygen in the intestinal tract, cause an anaerobic environment, reduce the redox potential, and enhance the colonization resistance of the intestinal tract to anaerobic bacteria. Studies have shown that feeding Bacillus can significantly reduce intestinal E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella, and make intestinal microbes beneficial to the micro-ecological balance of animals. It produces protein peptide antibacterial substances, antagonizes intestinal pathogenic bacteria, increases the contents of jejunum contents such as lactic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, lowers pH value, inhibits the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria, improves immune function in animals, and enhances disease resistance. Most scholars agree that after the animal's intake of Bacillus subtilis, the intestinal flora is adjusted to optimize the intestinal micro-ecological system. At the same time, each normal flora, including Bacillus, exerts an immunoadjuvant effect on the lymphoid tissue collection with antigen recognition sites in the intestine, activates relevant lymphoid tissues in the intestinal mucosa, enhances immune recognition, and induces T, B lymphocytes and giants. Phagocytes produce cytokines that activate the systemic immune system through lymphocyte recycling, thereby enhancing the body's non-specific and specific immune function.
2 micro-ecological preparations to control the advantages of chicken disease
(1) High survival rate, fast weight gain and high feed compensation. Due to the frequent use of antibacterial drugs, the drug resistance of the bacteria has become stronger and stronger, and the control effect of the drugs has become worse and worse, so that it is difficult to find a very ideal drug to control after the onset of the chicken. The use of microecological preparations is to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating diseases by improving the disease resistance of the chickens themselves. The pathogens do not have the problem of drug resistance, and the control effect is lasting. At the same time, the microecological preparation itself is rich in protein and vitamins, fats, minerals, etc. The bacterial protein contains various essential amino acids such as methionine and lysine, and the living bacteria also contain various enzymes and hormones, so the microecological preparation also It can promote chicken metabolism, increase growth rate and feed compensation.
(2) A wide range of antibacterial activity. The anti-disease effect of microecological preparations is non-specific. It helps the chickens to establish normal intestinal flora, so that the body can resist various harmful bacteria, such as pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium, Proteus, Campylobacter and the like. Some people found that the lactic acid bacteria preparation had strong inhibitory effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition rate is above 55%). Lactobacillus produced by Lactobacillus can inhibit Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Proteus, and the like.
(3) No residue. The use of antibiotics and other chemicals have different levels of residue. Because drug residues can affect people's health, they are paid more and more attention in public health. Drug residues are an important cause of product quality and a major obstacle to the export of poultry products. Since the microecological preparations will not cause harm to humans, they can be used throughout the feeding period without stopping the medicine. In the current period of rapid development of the broiler industry, micro-ecological preparations to prevent and cure bacterial diseases will greatly improve product quality and increase foreign exchange earning.
3 Microecological preparations have achieved a series of results in the prevention and treatment of chicken diseases
919 microecological preparation is a new type of prevention of white peony micro-ecological preparations for chicks. In order to understand the anti-disease effect of the preparation, the anti-disease effect of chicks in some farms was observed. The results are reported below.
Healthy chicks with good mental state and no diarrhea at 8 days were randomly divided into 919 microecological preparation group, Changfukang group, gentamicin group, chloramphenicol group and control group, with 70 rats in each group. The conditions are the same. From the age of 8 days, the diluted 919 microecological preparation, gentamicin solution, chloramphenicol solution, and intestinal rehabilitation solution were administered in groups (the control group used normal water), once a day, even for 7 days. The drug was stopped for another 7 days, and the number of cases of white pheasant in the period of use and observation of each group was recorded (other diseases were not included in the observation range). The results are shown in Table 1.
The drug use period was consistent with the diagnosis of 12 cases of ferrets, of which 919 group had the same incidence as gentamicin group, and the incidence rate was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P<0.05). During the treatment period, one died of leucorrhea, and the mortality rate was 1.4%. In the observation period, the 919 preparation group did not develop the disease, and the highest incidence was still in the blank control group. The statistical results of the 8-21 day old morbidity showed that the 919 ecological preparation group had the same incidence as the chloramphenicol group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the incidence rate and the average incidence rate in the 919 ecologic group (P>0.05), but the incidence rate in the control group was very significant. Difference (P<0.01). The mortality rate of white carp in the 8-21 day old chicks was 3.58%, and no death occurred in the 919 preparation group. The mortality of the blank control group was the highest, and the mortality of the second group of intestinal rehabilitation group, chloramphenicol group and gentamicin group was the same.
The self-made microecological preparations of other institutes have also achieved remarkable results in the prevention and treatment of chicken white peony and colibacillosis, as reported below.
There were 1000 broiler chickens, and the test components were 5 groups of anti-Qibao, Tiaoshengsheng, photosynthetic preparation, TR feed and self-made microecological preparation; another group of antibiotics treatment group I and treatment group II, microecological preparation treatment group I and Treatment group II, and blank group and other 5 groups were the control group, which were divided into 10 groups, 100 chickens in each group. The method of adding drugs and the grouping situation are shown in Table 2.
For the control effect of and colibacillosis, see Table 3
The number of deaths in the five microecological preparation test groups was significantly lower than that in the control group.
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