Part precision forming technology refers to the advanced manufacturing technology of parts or parts blanks with high geometrical accuracy and high intrinsic quality using advanced forming processes, strict geometrical dimensions (control) and intrinsic quality control (control) technology. The advanced nature of part precision forming technology is reflected in:
(1) Saving materials and energy materials The utilization rate is generally 20% to 40% higher than the traditional forming process. The precision forming of cold precision forging can increase the material utilization rate to over 98%, and the precision casting forming technology can reach more than 90%. Most of the precision plastic forming technology is implemented at room temperature, eliminating the heating process, saving heating energy and greatly reducing the energy consumption of the parts production process.
(2) Exempting or reducing the geometry and size of the net-formed parts after forming, all of which have reached the requirements for the use of the parts, can be used after forming, completely eliminating the subsequent processing; near-net forming products, the key parts have reached the requirements for use, no Need for subsequent processing, generally can save more than 50% of processing time; precision forming products, part of the size has met the requirements of use, the rest of the remaining small processing allowance, generally can reduce processing time by more than 30%.
(3) Improve the intrinsic quality of the part. At the same time, the application of external loads such as temperature, pressure, fluid field and electromagnetic field is considered to achieve the corresponding performance of the final part. Therefore, the development of precision forming technology for parts is of great significance to the mechanical industry to save resources, energy and environment, and to achieve sustainable development.
Industrial developed countries attach great importance to the development of precision forming technology for parts. In the early 1990s, the United States proposed a "2mm project" for automobile body production, that is, the cumulative error of all the covers of an automobile body after assembly is no more than 2mm. Obviously, the error assigned to each workpiece is smaller. The implementation of this project has brought the level of automobile body manufacturing to a new level. The United States has also proposed a new goal: by 2020, plastic forming parts processing waste will be reduced by 90%, energy consumption will be reduced by 25%, and cost will be reduced by 60%. Industrialized countries such as Japan and Germany have also set corresponding targets. Japan and Germany are countries with advanced precision forming technology. The precision of cold-formed precision forming parts generally reaches 8 grades. Small bearing rings and small bevel gears have reached 7-level precision, and cold-formed precision forming parts have accounted for 25% of die forgings. China's cold-temperature precision forming parts are lower than Germany and Japan, and generally reach 9-level precision, a small amount of 8-level precision, and precision forming parts only account for 5% of die forgings. The precise forming of Germany and Japan is mostly realized in the fully automatic production line, and the automatic production line in China is very rare. Incremental manufacturing technology (also known as rapid prototyping technology) developed abroad in the 1980s uses CAD data to directly drive materials to accumulate, accurately manufacturing prototypes or parts, and greatly improving the manufacturing efficiency of complex parts. Many foreign companies apply incremental manufacturing techniques to the manufacture of complex structures. General Electric Company uses metal-selective laser sintering technology to manufacture complex parts of aero-engines. Compared with traditional processing methods, incremental manufacturing technology can process complex parts and save materials, time and energy. Therefore, in aerospace There are advantages in the manufacture and maintenance of complex structural components for large ships.
Precision forming technology has broad application prospects in the manufacturing industries of automobiles, aerospace, large ships, etc. The development of advanced precision forming technology plays an important role in the production of large-volume products and multi-variety, small-batch, and complex parts. It greatly improves the manufacturing level of parts and saves resources and energy.
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