Different types of diseases have different differences in prevention and control, and there are similarities, mainly fungal, bacterial, viral, nematode, and physiological diseases. The main differences and prevention methods are as follows:
First, fungal diseases
1, the characteristics of the damage. It is caused by fungi and is a low-grade plant without chlorophyll. It can not carry out photosynthesis, often causing swelling, necrosis, rot or spotting of crop tissues or organs, and at the same time producing white cotton floc, silk, powder of different colors. Matter, mist or granules.
2. Prevention and control measures. Seed dressing with a fungicide. Clean the garden and clear the diseased leaves and diseased fruits out of the garden in time, deeply buried or burned. The rotation is changed, and organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are added. Ventilation in greenhouses or protected areas, pouring small water under the membrane, prohibiting flooding and reducing humidity. The use of chlorpyrifos, mancozeb, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, etc., has a certain control effect.
Second, bacterial diseases
1, the characteristics of the damage. Bacterial diseases are the smallest single-cell lower plants, which are second only to fungal diseases to crops. Symptoms mainly manifest as tissue necrosis, rot, wilting or deformity, often accompanied by bacterial overflow.
2. Prevention and control measures. Use resistant varieties. The diseased ward was removed, soaked in 40% formaldehyde 150 times solution for 1.5 hours, or 1 million units of streptomycin sulfate 500 times solution soaked for 2 hours and then germinated. The seedling bed was treated with DT or ethylphosphonium aluminum manganese zinc 10 g per square meter plus 10 times fine soil. With agricultural streptomycin, DT abundance, green milk copper, you can kill or spray.
Third, the viral disease
1, the characteristics of the damage. The virus is much smaller than bacteria, has no cell morphology, can only multiply in living host cells, is transmitted by virus disease sap, and spreads through insects, grafting, and contact friction, mainly showing mosaic, yellowing, shrinking, dwarfing, Branches, deformities, blemishes or tissue necrosis.
2. Prevention and control measures. Use disease-resistant varieties to remove diseased leaves and diseased fruits in time. The seeds were incubated with a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 30 minutes before sowing, and the virus was inactivated. Eliminate the mediator, use a mixture of net (imidacloprid) 1500 times, add 300 times liquid and add cytokinin. Anti-mechanical artificial transmission, in the current situation without effective prevention and treatment of viral agents, only to cultivate strong seedlings, and enhance resistance, such as the occurrence of diseases can be inhibited by bacteria poisoning, plant disease, virus A, trisodium phosphate and so on.
Fourth, nematode
1, the characteristics of the damage. Nematodes are low-grade linear animals. The crops are difficult to see by the naked eye. They are mainly transmitted by diseased seedlings, soil fertilizer, water and agricultural implements. They mainly show malnutrition, growth weakness, dwarf drooping and the like. deformity.
2. Prevention and control measures. Deeply ploughing more than 20 cm of cultivated land, carrying out crop rotation, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to remove sick bodies. Apply 40-50 kg of a nematicidal mixture per acre to a 20 cm planting ditch and plant it, or use 40% methyl isoflavin mixed with poisonous soil to pour it into the soil, or use Miller granules per acre. 5 kilograms, mixed with 40-50 kilograms of ground on the surface, ploughed 20 cm or sprinkled into the 20 cm planting ditch and then planted.
V. Physiological Diseases
Mainly due to improper nutrition, water, temperature or harmful substances and other environmental factors cause crop metabolic disorders, morphological variation, tissue necrosis, product deterioration and other abnormal phenomena. Prevention is mainly eliminated by improving environmental conditions or timely supplementing the lack of nutrients to cultivate strong plants.
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