Waste Lithium Battery Treatment - Wet Recovery Technology

Discarded lithium batteries contain large amounts of non-renewable and economically valuable metal resources such as cobalt, lithium, nickel, copper, and aluminum. If they can effectively recycle waste or unqualified lithium batteries, they will not only reduce the use of waste batteries. The pressure of the environment can also avoid the waste of metal resources such as cobalt and nickel.
Changzhou Jinchuang Bofan Energy New Materials Co., Ltd. cooperated with universities to establish a task force for technical support with the Jiangsu Technical Teachers College and the Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing Technology and Application of Precious Metals in Jiangsu Province. The research project has been recovered from waste lithium-ion batteries. The valence metal, after three years of research and development, has solved the unfavorable factors such as complicated operation, long process, and organic solvent harm to the environment in production, shortened the technological process, reduced the power consumption, and improved the metal recovery rate, purity, and recovery amount. Formed the "annual 8000 tons of lithium battery metal fully enclosed clean recycling process and its application" results.
The project is a solid waste resource utilization application field. The technical principle is to use hydrometallurgy technology to separate and recover non-ferrous metals, including leaching, solution purification and enrichment, solvent extraction, etc. In addition, electro-metallurgical technology is also used to accumulate electricity. Get a single metal product.
The technical line is: First of all, pretreatment of waste lithium batteries, including discharge, dismantling, smashing, sorting; dismantling of plastic and iron shell recovery; after the separation of the electrode material for alkaline leaching, acid leaching, removal of impurities For extraction. Extraction is a key step. It separates copper from cobalt and nickel. Copper enters the electrolysis cell to produce electrowinning copper products. The extracted cobalt and nickel solutions are extracted and separated. At this time, the crystals are concentrated to directly obtain cobalt salts. And nickel salt; or cobalt and nickel extracted and separated into the electrophoresis cell respectively, to obtain electrodialective and electroplated nickel products. The recovery rate of drilling, copper, and nickel in the electrodeposition process reached 99%, with grades of 99.98%, 99.95%, and 99.2% to 99.9%, respectively. Cobalt sulfate and nickel sulfate products reached relevant standards.
Under the premise of the most optimized research results, this project will carry out large-scale, industrialized R&D and construction, and build a waste lithium-ion closed-end clean production line with an annual recovery of 8,000 tons. 1,500 tons of cobalt, 1200 tons of copper and nickel will be recovered. 420 tons, the total output value of more than 400 million yuan. The large-scale application of wet recovery of heavy metal technology has not been seen in China and is not seen abroad. This achievement has a certain guiding role for the recycling of lithium metal batteries in the country. It has successfully filled domestic gaps; it is clean and environmentally friendly, has low costs and high profits, and has a comparative advantage in similar enterprises.
The wet recovery process is adopted to integrate and simplify the process flow. The entire process consumes low energy and the product recovery rate is high. The leaching process uses three reflux leaching to increase the leaching rate to 98.7%; the highly efficient copper and cobalt extraction agent separates the copper and cobalt extracts and integrates a high concentration of copper sulfate solution and cobalt sulfate solution to satisfy the electrolytic deposition. Process requirements increase the efficiency of recycling heavy metals. Electrodeposition process reduces voltage and current density, saving power consumption. The entire process has a high recovery rate and is a high-value production process.
In the electrowinning process, a small amount of generated sulfuric acid mist exhaust gas is collected and treated with the negative pressure of the gas gathering hood to reduce the exhaust emission; the electro-depleted poor electrolyte solution, in which the copper ion content is low and the sulfuric acid concentration is increased, is used as the reverse cleaning washing. Liquid or leachate recycling, high overall utilization. Most of the production process is transported by pumps. The storage tanks, circulation tanks, washing tanks, extraction tanks, and electrolysis tanks are all closed. The process is tightly controlled, and the degree of mechanization is automatic, which reduces the loss of raw materials and auxiliary materials caused by leakage. Reduced fugitive emissions of pollutants.
The sulfuric acid mist and hydrochloric acid mist produced by the electrowinning process and the extraction process are sprayed and absorbed by the lye, so that the removal rate is high and the exhaust gas emission is small. After the wastewater is treated, it will reach the discharge standard. The filter residue and waste residue will be used as cement, brick and other building materials. The solid waste treatment and disposal rate will reach 100%, and the pollution will meet the standard discharge.
Lithium-discharged batteries are hazardous wastes, but heavy metals are recovered from them, and high-value-added products such as electrolytic cobalt, electrolytic copper, and electrolytic nickel are finally obtained, which can be used as raw materials for the production of lithium batteries. At the same time, large-scale production lines are formed and regions are well realized. Recycling of internal resources. Domestically, it is only in the research stage and no report of large-scale production has yet been seen.
The project uses crushing and separation, a leaching-electrowinning process and a concentrated crystallization process to recover valuable metals such as copper, cobalt and nickel in waste lithium batteries. It not only optimizes the processes, but also improves the acid leaching rate and product purity. , And the integration reduces process flow, reduces the complexity of process operations, reduces recycling costs, and also increases process flexibility. According to the adjustment of product types in the market, high value-added products such as electrowinning cobalt, electrowinning copper and electrodeposited nickel can be obtained, and raw materials for production of lithium batteries such as cobalt sulfate and nickel sulfate can be obtained, thereby realizing the recycling of resources. In addition, taking into consideration the waste gas, waste water, and waste slag generated during the production process, we will join environmental protection and clean production to meet the target of pollution discharge. The China Resources Comprehensive Utilization Association organized a group of experts to conduct scientific and technological achievements appraisal of the project and determined that the level is leading internationally.

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